Udliwano-ndlebe no-Øyvind Kolås, umphuhlisi we-GIMP (2017)

Njani i-Open-Source Innovation eLungisa ngokutsha izixhobo zokuyila kuShishino lwale mihla

Xa u-Øyvind Kolås wayehleli phantsi ngo-2017 ukuze axoxe ngomsebenzi wakhe weminyaka emininzi kwi-injini yemizobo ye-GIMP, wayengathethi nje ngekhowudi - wayechaza ifilosofi ethe cwaka yalungisa indlela amashishini ajongana ngayo nesoftware yokuyila. Njengomakhi osemva kweGEGL (Generic Graphics Library), uKolås uchithe ngaphezulu kweshumi leminyaka esakha isiseko sohlelo olungonakalisiyo lwemifanekiso kwenye yezona nkqubo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimithombo evulekileyo yehlabathi. Umsebenzi wakhe umele into enkulu kuneprojekthi enye: uluvo lokuba izixhobo ezinamandla, ezikumgangatho wobuchwephesha akufuneki ukuba zize nethegi yamaxabiso eshishini, kwaye intsebenziswano evulekileyo ivelisa isoftware engcono kuneecosystems ezivaliweyo. Kumashishini ajonga uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluluqilima kunye neemfuno ezikhulayo zokuyila, le filosofi ayizange isebenze ngakumbi.

Injineli eNgemva kwe-GIMP yeNguquko enkulu

Øyvind Kolås, owaziwa kuluntu oluvulelekileyo ngokubamba kwakhe "pippin," ngumphuhlisi waseNorway onegalelo lakhe kwi-GIMP ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi. Eyona nto agxile kuyo ibe yi-GEGL - isakhelo sokusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso esekwe kwigrafu esitshintshe ngokusisiseko indlela i-GIMP eyiphatha ngayo idatha yepixel. Ngaphambi kokudityaniswa kwe-GEGL, i-GIMP yayikhawulelwe kubunzulu bombala we-8-bit kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi okonakalisayo. Umsebenzi ka-Kolås wazisa ukusetyenzwa ngobunzulu obuphezulu, ukukhanya okucacileyo, kunye nesiseko soyilo sohlelo olungonakalisi.

Into eyenza indlela kaKolås iphawuleka ngumonde kunye nombono wakhe wexesha elide. Uphuhliso lwe-GEGL lwaqala ekuqaleni koo-2000, kwaye ukudityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwi-GIMP kwathatha iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu. Ngo-2017, iziqhamo zalo msebenzi zazisiya zibonakala kulwakhiwo lwangaphambili lwe-GIMP 2.10, oluya kuthi ekugqibeleni luthunyelwe ngokuchaneka kwe-32-bit floating-point, umboniso we-on-canvas wemisebenzi ye-GEGL, kunye nombhobho wokusetyenzwa wangoku ngokumangalisayo. Le ibingengomdyarho oqaqambileyo wokuqalisa - ibiyimethodical, ubunjineli obusisiseko obubeke phambili ukufumana uyilo ngaphezulu kweempawu zokuhambisa ngokukhawuleza.

Ibali lakhe libonelela ngesifundo esidlulela ngaphaya kophuhliso lwesoftware: ukuveliswa okuzinzileyo kufuna utyalo-mali kwiziseko ezingundoqo phambi kweempawu eziqaqambileyo. Amashishini akha phezu kweziseko zokusebenza eziluqilima - nokuba kukwikhowudi okanye kuyilo lokuhamba komsebenzi - ahlala ebodlula abo basukela impumelelo yexesha elifutshane.

Kutheni i-Workflows engonakalisiyo ibalulekile ngaphaya koYilo

Ingqikelelo ethi Kolås etshatshelelwe kwi-GIMP — ukuhlela okungamoshiyo — kulula ngokukhohlisa. Endaweni yokutshintsha ngokusisigxina imathiriyeli yakho yomthombo ngomsebenzi ngamnye, ubeka uhlengahlengiso njengeeleya ezibuyiselwa umva ezinokuguqulwa, zicwangciswe ngokutsha, okanye zisuswe nangaliphi na ixesha. Idatha yoqobo ihlala injalo. Kuhlelo lomfanekiso, oku kuthetha ukuba ungasebenzisa isilungiso sombala, ukufiphala, kunye nesityalo, emva koko ubuyele umva kwaye utshintshe ulungiso lombala ngaphandle kokuphulukana nolunye uhlengahlengiso.

Lo mgaqo uneempembelelo ezinzulu ngaphandle kwesoftware yokuyila. Amashishini ale mihla asebenza ngokwandayo kwiindawo apho izigqibo kufuneka zibuyiselwe umva, ziphicotheke kwaye ziphindaphindwe. Qwalasela indlela esebenza ngayo umbhobho weCRM: awufuni ukucofa kube kanye ukuguqula ngokusisigxina imbali yesivumelwano. Okanye cinga nge-invoyisi - ukukwazi ukuhlengahlengisa izinto zomgca, ukubuyisela utshintsho, kunye nokugcina umzila ocacileyo wophicotho-zincwadi kubalulekile ukuze kuthotyelwe imali. Intanda-bulumko engonakalisiyo ethi iKolås yazinziswa kuyilo lwe-GIMP lubonisa oko kubonelelwa ngamaqonga oshishino ayilwe kakuhle kuwo wonke umaleko wokusebenza.

Amaqonga afana neMewayz asebenzisa ukucinga okufanayo kwiimodyuli zabo ezihlanganisiweyo ezingama-207. Nokuba uhlengahlengisa izibalo zomvuzo, ulungisa isindululo somthengi, okanye uhlengahlengisa ixesha leprojekthi, inkqubo igcina iimbali zotshintsho kwaye ikuvumela ukuba uphindaphinde ngaphandle koloyiko lokuphulukana nomsebenzi wangaphambili. Lishishini elilingana nohlelo olungonakalisi — kwaye lunotshintsho olufanayo.

I-Advanteji yoMthombo oVulekileyo kuShishino oluKhulayo

Owona mba unyanzelisayo womsebenzi kaKolås kwi-GIMP yinto eyimeleyo ngokoqoqosho. I-Adobe's Creative Cloud suite ixabisa amashishini phakathi kwe-$55 kunye ne-$90 ngomsebenzisi ngamnye ngenyanga. Kwiqela labaqulunqi abalishumi, yi-$6,600 ukuya kwi-10,800 yeedola ngonyaka - ngaphambi kokuba kunikwe ingxelo ngobhaliso lokufota, iilayisenisi zeplagi, okanye iindleko zoqeqesho. I-GIMP, inikwa amandla yinjini yeGEGL kaKolås, ibonelela ngezakhono zodidi oluqeqeshelweyo ngexabiso elinguziro lelayisenisi.

Imodeli yomthombo ovulekileyo ikhule ngokuphawulekayo ukususela ngo-2017. Amashishini namhlanje anokwakha i-stacks epheleleyo yokudala kunye nokusebenza usebenzisa izixhobo ezivulekileyo kunye nezixhobo ze-SaaS ezifikelelekayo ngaphandle kokuncama umgangatho. Iingqwalasela eziphambili xa kuvavanywa izixhobo ezivulelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kweshishini ziquka:

• Ixabiso lilonke lobunini — Ilayisensi yasimahla ayithethi ukuthunyelwa kwasimahla; into ekuqeqesheni, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nenkxaso
• Impilo yoluntu — Uluntu lwabaxhasi abasebenzayo (i-GIMP iye yabanegalelo elingaphezulu kwama-700) ibonisa ukusebenza kwexesha elide
• Ubuchule bokudityaniswa — Izixhobo ezinxibelelana nokuhamba kwakho okukhoyo ngokusebenzisa ii-APIs kunye neefomathi zefayile eziqhelekileyo zinciphisa ukukruquka
• Scalability — Qinisekisa ukuba isixhobo sinokusingatha imithwalo ekhulayo yomsebenzi ngaphandle kokufuna iswitshi yeqonga
• Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa — Ikhowudi yomthombo ovulekileyo inokuphicothwa, eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumashishini aphatha idatha ebuthathaka

Awona mashishini akrelekrele akakhethi phakathi kwezixhobo ezivulelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zorhwebo. Bakha izitaki ezixutyiweyo - besebenzisa i-GIMP yokusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso yebhetshi, iMewayz yolawulo olusebenzayo, kunye nezixhobo ezijoliswe kuzo kuphela apho ezinye iindlela zomthombo ovulekileyo zisilela ngokwenene. Le ndlela inokunciphisa inkcitho yesoftware ngama-40-60% ngelixa igcina okanye iphucula isakhono.

Ukwakha uMbhobho wokuYila-ukuya-kwiMisebenzi

Umsebenzi kaKolås uqaqambise umsantsa amashishini amaninzi asasokola nawo: uqhawulo lonxibelelwano phakathi kwemveliso yokuyila kunye nokusebenza kweshishini. Umyili wenza ii-asethi kwi-GIMP okanye kwi-Photoshop, azithumele ngaphandle, azilayishe kwi-drive ekwabelwana ngayo, azise iqela lezentengiso ngo-Slack, othi emva koko azincamathele kumaphulo, kwizithuba zentlalo, okanye kuluhlu lweemveliso. Isandla ngasinye sazisa ukulibaziseka, ukubhideka kwenguqulelo, kunye nobungozi bokusebenzisa ii-asethi eziphelelwe lixesha.

Iinkampani ezicinga phambili zisusa ezi zikhewu ngokudibanisa ukuhanjiswa kwazo kokuyila ngokuthe ngqo kumaqonga azo okusebenza. Xa uyilo lwakho lwemveliso lutya ngqo kwiCRM yakho, amaphepha akho okubhukisha, iprofayile yakho yekhonkco-in-bio, kunye neetemplates zakho ze-invoyisi, ususa lonke udidi lwengxabano yokusebenza. Abasebenzisi be-Mewayz, umzekelo, banokuhlaziya i-asethi ye-brand kube kanye kwaye olo tshintsho luqhubekile kwiimodyuli ezijongene nomxhasi - ukusuka kwisiphakamiso setemplates ukuya kwiivenkile zedijithali - ngaphandle kokulayisha kwakhona ngesandla kwizixhobo eziqhawulwayo.

Eyona software inexabiso eliphezulu kulo naliphi na ishishini ayililo elo linentlawulo ephezulu yelayisensi — yeyona idala owona msebenzi wezandla phakathi kweenkqubo. Iindleko zokudityaniswa, ezilinganiswa ngeeyure zabantu, phantse zisoloko zigqitha iindleko zomrhumo.

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Olu lwazi kungenxa yokuba intsingiselo ebhekiselele kumaqonga ewonke-nye ikhawulezile. Amashishini ebekade elawula izixhobo ezisibhozo ukuya kwezilishumi elinambini ezihlukeneyo - ngalinye libalaseleyo ngokuzimeleyo - afumanisa ukuba ulungelelwaniso oluphezulu phakathi kwezo zixhobo zibiza ngaphezulu kwezixhobo ngokwazo. Iqonga lemodyuli eliphethe iCRM, i-invoyisi, i-HR, ulawulo lweprojekthi, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-asethi yokuyila phantsi kophahla olunye kuphelisa amakhulu eeyure zomsebenzi oxakekileyo wonyaka.

Izifundo kwiMinyaka elishumi elinesihlanu yobuNjineli beSigulana

Mhlawumbi owona mba ungaxatyiswanga kakhulu kwibali lika-Kolås ngumda wexesha. Kwinkcubeko yetekhnoloji exakeke kukuphindaphinda okukhawulezileyo kunye neemveliso ezincinci ezisebenzayo, uchithe ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu esakha i-GEGL ibe yinjini yemizobo elungele imveliso. Iqela le-GIMP alizange likhawuleze ukudityaniswa kwe-GEGL kwintengiso eneempawu ezibhakiweyo ezinesiqingatha - balinda de i-architecture ikwazi ukuxhasa umbono opheleleyo wobunzulu obuphezulu, obungonakalisi, ukusetyenzwa kwemifanekiso ekhawulezileyo ye-GPU.

Lo monde uhlawule ingeniso. Xa i-GIMP 2.10 ekugqibeleni yathunyelwa ngo-Epreli ka-2018, yayingelohlaziyo olongezelekayo-yayiyinto yokutsiba. Isoftware iphumile ekubeni igxothwe njenge "Photoshop yabantu abangakwaziyo ukufikelela kwiPhotoshop" ukuya kumkelwa njengenye indlela enezakhono zokwenyani kunye nezibonelelo zoyilo kuhambo oluthile lomsebenzi, ngakumbi ukusetyenzwa kweebhetshi kunye nokuguqulwa komfanekiso obhalwayo nge-Script-Fu kunye nePython-Fu.

Amashishini anokufumana isifundo esinamandla apha: utyalo-mali olusisiseko lukhompawundi. Ukuchitha ixesha ukuseta iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo - nokuba kukulungisa iqonga leshishini elibanzi, ukubhala iinkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni, okanye ukwakha ukuhamba komsebenzi okuzenzekelayo - uziva ucotha ekuqaleni kodwa udala imbuyekezo enkulu kwiinyanga neminyaka. Iinkampani ezityala imali ngeveki ziseka iimodyuli ezidityanisiweyo zeMewayz ngokufanelekileyo zinika ingxelo yokonga iiyure ezili-15-20 ngeveki kwikota yokuqala, xa kuthelekiswa nabo bakhawuleza basebenzise izixhobo ngaphandle kolungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo.

Ikamva leZixhobo zobuNgcali eziFumanekayo

Ukusukela kudliwano-ndlebe luka-Kolås luka-2017, indlela ayichazile iye yakhawuleza. I-GIMP iyaqhubeka nokuguqukela kuhlelo olupheleleyo olungonakalisi. Iimpawu ze-AI-powered ziyadityaniswa kwizixhobo ezivulekileyo zokuyila. Kwaye imarike ebanzi iyamkele ingcamango yokuba izakhono zodidi lobuchwephesha kufuneka zifikeleleke kumashishini abo bonke ubukhulu - hayi nje abo banohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwamashishini.

Olu lawulo lwentando yesininzi lunabela kuwo wonke umhlaba wesoftware yeshishini. Apho ukuqaliswa kwe-2012 kunokufuna i-$ 2,000 ngenyanga kwi-software yokubhalisa ukuqhuba imisebenzi esisiseko, ukuseta okuthelekisayo namhlanje kunokubiza ngaphantsi kweedola ezili-100 usebenzisa indibaniselwano yezixhobo ezivulelekileyo kunye neeplatifti ezifikelelekayo kuzo zonke. Amashishini angama-138,000+ asele esebenzisa amaqonga afana ne-Mewayz abonisa ukuba iinkampani ezincinci kunye neziphakathi azisamkeli ukhetho lobuxoki phakathi kokukwazi kunye nokufikeleleka.

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezixhobo ezivulekileyo zokuyila, i-AI automation, kunye neemodyuli zeqonga zoshishino lidala indawo apho iqela labantu abahlanu lingasebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nepolisi yentlangano yabantu abangamashumi amahlanu. U-Kolås kunye nabaphuhlisi abafana naye babeka isiseko ngokubonisa ukuba isoftware ekumgangatho wehlabathi inokwakhiwa ngentsebenziswano, isasazwe ngokukhululekileyo, kwaye iphuculwe ngokuqhubekayo luluntu kunemibutho.

Amanyathelo aSebenzayo okuphucula isitaki seSixhobo sakho seShishini

Ikhuthazwe yimithetho-siseko esemva kwendlela ka-Kolås yokwakha i-GEGL, nantsi isakhelo sokuvavanya nokuphucula esakho isixhobo soshishino:

1. Hlola izixhobo zakho zangoku kunye neendleko zazo zokwenyani. Dwelisa lonke ubhaliso lwesoftware, uze wongeze iiyure eziqikelelweyo ezichithwe ekudluliselweni kwedatha ngesandla phakathi kwazo. Irhafu yokudibanisa idla ngokuba yi-2-3x ixabiso lobhaliso.
2. Chonga umqolo wakho ongundoqo wokusebenza. Khetha iqonga libe linye eliza kusebenza njengombindi weqonga lakho - ngokufanelekileyo eliquka iCRM, ulawulo lweprojekthi, i-invoyisi, kunye nolungelelwaniso lweqela ngokwemveli kunokuba ngokudibanisa.
3. Uluhlu lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kuphela apho kuyimfuneko. Sebenzisa i-GIMP okanye izixhobo ezivulekileyo ezifanayo zomsebenzi wokudala, kodwa qinisekisa ukuba ziqhagamshela kundoqo wakho wokusebenza ngogcino ekwabelwana ngalo okanye ukudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo.
4. Tyala ukusetha, hayi iindlela ezimfutshane. Chitha ixesha lokuqwalasela ngokufanelekileyo ukuhamba komsebenzi, ii-automations, kunye neetemplates ngaphambili. Njengokwakha i-Kolås uyilo lwe-GEGL ngaphambi kokongeza iimpawu, ukuseta kwakho okusisiseko kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwexesha elide.
5. Jonga kwaye uphindaphinde ngekota. Izixhobo ziyaguquka, amaqela akhula, kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi kuyatshintsha. Cwangcisa uphononongo rhoqo ukuze uphelise izixhobo ezingafunekiyo kwaye wamkele ezinye iindlela ezingcono njengoko zivela.

Ixesha lokuhlanganisa izixhobo ezininzi ezingadityaniswanga liyaphela. Nokuba uhlela imifanekiso kwi-GIMP, ulawula abaxumi kwiCRM, okanye uzenza ngokuzenzekelayo umbhobho we-invoyisi, iqhinga lokuphumelela liyafana nelaboniswa ngu-Øyvind Kolås kwiminyaka yobunjineli obuqeqeshekileyo: yakha kwiziseko eziluqilima, qhagamshela iinkqubo zakho ngobukrelekrele, kwaye uvumele ukudityaniswa kobuchule kwenze umsebenzi onzima wokuphakamisa ishishini lakho.

Yakha ishishini lakho OS namhlanje

Ukusuka kwi-freelancers ukuya kwiiarhente, iMewayz inika amandla amashishini angama-138,000+ aneemodyuli ezidityanisiweyo ezingama-207. Qala simahla, uphucule xa ukhula.

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Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Yintoni i-GEGL kwaye kutheni ibalulekile?

I-GEGL (iThala leencwadi leGeneric Graphics) yinjini yokusetyenzwa kwemizobo enika amandla i-GIMP yangoku. Iphuhliswe ngu-Øyvind Kolås, yazisa ukuhlelwa komfanekiso ongonakaliyo, nobunzulu obunzulu. Oku kuvumela uhlengahlengiso oluntsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokuguqula ngokusisigxina idatha yoqobo yomfanekiso, uphawu lobuchwephesha kanye olukhethekileyo kwisoftware ebiza imali eninzi. Amaqonga anamhlanje afana neMewayz, ebonelela ngeemodyuli ezingama-207 nge-$19/mo, ikwasebenzisa inkqubo enamandla, engonakalisiyo ukunika amashishini amandla obuchule bokuyila ngokufikelelekayo.

Iwanceda njani amashishini isoftware evulelekileyo njenge-GIMP?

I-software ye-Open-source ibonelela ngendlela engabiziyo, eguquguqukayo, nengafihliyo kwizixhobo zobunini. Njengoko kubonisiwe kudliwanondlebe, ifilosofi emva kophuhliso lwe-GIMP ixhobisa amashishini ngokubanika ulawulo kwizixhobo zabo zokudala. Oku kunciphisa imirhumo yelayisensi kwaye kuthintela ukutshixelwa komthengisi. Iinkampani zinokukha phezu kwezi ziseko ezizinzile, ezifana nendlela iMewayz ebonelela ngayo i-suite yeemodyuli ezihlanganisiweyo ze-207 kwi-flat $ 19 / mo yokubhalisa, ukwenza izixhobo eziphambili zifikeleleke.

Yintoni ukuhlela okungonakalisi?

Uhlelo olungonakalisiyo kukuhamba komsebenzi apho ulungelelwaniso (njengezihluzi okanye izilungiso zemibala) lusetyenziswa njengomaleko okanye imiyalelo kunokutshintsha ngokuthe ngqo ipixels yoqobo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba uhlengahlengise kwakhona okanye ususe iziphumo nangaliphi na ixesha ngaphandle kokulahleka komgangatho. Umsebenzi ka-Kolås kwi-GEGL uze lomgangatho wobugcisa kwi-GIMP. Ngumgaqo ongundoqo kwiisuti zokuyila zangoku, kuquka neenkonzo ezifana ne-Mewayz, ezinceda amashishini agcine ubhetyebhetye, ukuveliswa kwee-asethi ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ngaba izixhobo ezivulelekileyo zikhuphisana ngesoftware yorhwebo?

Ewe, njengoko kungqinwa kukusetyenziswa nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwe-GIMP. Udliwano-ndlebe lubonisa ukuba iiprojekthi ezivulelekileyo zinokufikelela kwiziphumo zebakala lobuchwephesha ngomzamo ozinikeleyo woluntu. Bahlala beqhuba izinto ezintsha ezamkelwa kamva ziimveliso zorhwebo. Kumashishini afuna indlela elungeleleneyo, iinkonzo ezisekelwe kwi-subscription ezifana ne-Mewayz (iimodyuli ezingama-207 ze-$ 19 / mo) zibonisa indlela izixhobo zobuchwephesha ezinokuthi zenziwe zibe namandla kwaye zifikeleleke, ukudibanisa imigaqo-siseko evulekileyo kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.

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