Ngilungise Ukuthuthukiswa Komdabu Kwe-Windows: Ukuhlukaniswa Okuphelele Kokusebenza Ngempela

Ukuthuthukiswa komdabu kweWindows kuhlaselwe ukuhlukana kwe-toolchain, isihogo sokuncika, nokungahambisani kwemvelo iminyaka - kodwa ngemva kwezinyanga zokuhlola, ekugcineni ngithole ukugeleza komsebenzi okuqeda isiphithiphithi. Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa ngqo lokho okuphukile, engikuzamile, kanye nokusetha manje okunika amandla ukukhiqizwa kwami ​​ngaphandle kwe-WSL workaround eyodwa.

Kungani Ukuthuthukiswa Komdabu Kwama-Windows Kuhlale Kuyiphupho Elibi kangaka?

Impendulo eqotho ukuthi iWindows ayikaze yakhelwe abathuthukisi njengezakhamizi zokuqala. Amasistimu asuselwa ku-Unix abhakwe ukuphathwa kwephakeji, ukubhalwa kwegobolondo, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemvelo ku-DNA yawo kusukela ekuqaleni. I-Windows ibophe lezi zinto phakathi namashumi eminyaka, idala isiphithiphithi se-PowerShell, i-CMD, i-Chocolatey, i-Winget, i-MSVC yesikhathi sokusebenza sezingxabano, kanye nezinhlekelele eziguquguqukayo ze-PATH ezingase ziphazamise unjiniyela omkhulu ntambama.

Izimpawu zijwayelekile kunoma ubani oke wasebenza kulesi sikhala: iphakethe lifakwa ngendlela efanele emshinini owodwa bese lehluleka buthule komunye, ukwakha amathuluzi kubhekisela ezinguqulweni ezihlukene zokuhlanganisa kuye ngokuthi imuphi umsebenzi we-Visual Studio owufakile ekugcineni, namaphrojekthi we-Node.js asebenza kahle ku-WSL2 aphonsela amaphutha afihlekile e-EPERM ohlelweni lwefayela lomdabu. Lezi akuzona izehlakalo ezisemaphethelweni — ziwukuhlangenwe nakho okuzenzakalelayo konjiniyela abaningi be-Windows.

Iziphi Izindlela Eziyinhloko Eziphuke Ngempela Ekusetheni Kwami?

Ngemva kokuhlola indawo yami ngendlela ehlelekile, ngibone izimbangela ezintathu eziyinhloko ezibangela cishe u-80% wokwehluleka kwami ukwakha nokungahambisani kwemvelo:

• Imitapo yolwazi yesikhathi sokusebenza eshayisanayo: Izinguqulo eziningi ze-Microsoft Visual C++ Esatshalaliswa kabusha ziphila kanye ngaphandle komyalelo wokulungiswa ocacile, okubangele ukuhluleka kokubheka i-DLL kumamojula omdabu.
• Ukungcola kwe-PATH: Amathuluzi ahlukene ayishumi nesikhombisa anezele okufakiwe ohlelweni lwe-PATH ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okumbalwa kuthunzi komunye nomunye futhi kukhomba kunkhombandlela yokufaka endala.
• Ukuntuleka kokuhlukaniswa kwemvelo yezinga lephrojekthi: Ngokungafani nokugeleza komsebenzi kwe-Unix lapho .env amafayela neziqondiso zegobolondo kuyizakhamuzi zesigaba sokuqala, i-Windows yayingenayo indlela engaguquki yokwengeza okuguquguqukayo kwemvelo kuphrojekthi ngaphandle kwamathuluzi enkampani yangaphandle.
• Ukungqubuzana kokuphela komugqa we-Git: Ukubamba okuxubile kwe-CRLF/LF phakathi kwamathuluzi omdabu e-Windows namalabhulali ezingxenyekazi eziningi kubangele ukuthi amasheke ahluleke kumafayela akhiyiwe, kwephula ukufakwa okukhiqizwa kabusha.
• Izimfuneko zemvume eziphakeme zama-symlink: Abaphathi bephakheji abaningi bathembele kuzixhumanisi ezingokomfanekiso, okuthi ku-Windows zidinga Imodi Yonjiniyela noma amalungelo omlawuli — ukulungiselelwa ukuthi imishini eminingi yebhizinisi ivinjwe ngenqubomgomo.

"Inkinga akukaze kube ukuthi iWindows ayikwazanga ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa komdabu - kwaba ukuthi akekho owayehlanganise inhlanganisela efanele yamathuluzi ngokucushwa kwamabomu. Uma usuphathe indawo yakho ye-dev njengomkhiqizo odinga izinqumo zezakhiwo, yonke into iyashintsha."

Ngikulungise Kanjani Empeleni Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Kokuthuthukiswa Komdabu Kwe-Windows?

Ukulungisa bekungelona ithuluzi elilodwa noma iskripthi somlingo. Bekuwukwakhiwa kabusha kwamabomu kokuthi imvelo ihlanganiswa, ihlungwe, futhi inakekelwe kanjani. Isisekelo siqala ngokunika amandla Imodi Yonjiniyela ezingeni le-OS ukuze uvule ukudalwa kwe-symlink ngaphandle kokuphakama. Ukusuka lapho, i-Scoop ithatha indawo yengxube ye-ad-hoc yabafaki ngoba isebenza ngokuphelele endaweni yomsebenzisi, izitolo zibonakala ekulawuleni inguqulo, futhi iphatha ukuphathwa kwe-shim ngokuhlanzekile.

Kumaphrojekthi we-Node.js ngokukhethekile, ukushintshela ku-Volta yokuphathwa kwenguqulo kususe amaphutha e-EPERM ahlasele i-npm emhlabeni jikelele. I-Volta ibamba amakholi kanambambili kusendlalelo se-shim futhi ixazulula inguqulo elungile yesikhathi sokusebenza ngephrojekthi ngayinye ngaphandle kokuthinta isistimu PATH. Kuhlanganiswe nokhiye ozinikele we-.volta kokuthi package.json, ukulingana kwemvelo kuyo yonke imishini kuyazenzakalela kunokuba kube nokulangazelela.

Ucezu lokugcina belusebenzisa isiyalo sezinga lephrojekthi .env esiphoqelelwa yi-direnv esithunyelwa ku-Windows nge-Scoop — siqinisekisa ukuthi yonke iphrojekthi iphethe owayo umongo wendawo osebenza ekufakweni kohla lwemibhalo futhi esule lapho uphuma. Ukungcola kwe-PATH kwehlile kusuka emingenelweni eyishumi nesikhombisa kuya kwezine phakathi nesonto.

Ukuhlaziya Okuqhathanisayo Kwembulani Mayelana Nezindlela Zomdabu eziqhathaniswa ne-WSL2?

I-WSL2 yinhle kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kokugeleza komsebenzi okuqondise ezindaweni zokuphakela i-Linux. Uma iseva yakho yokukhiqiza isebenzisa Ubuntu futhi iqembu lakho linethezekile ngamathuluzi e-Linux, i-WSL2 isusa ukungqubuzana. Kodwa-ke, yethula esayo isigaba sezinkinga: ukusebenza kwesistimu yefayela kuwo wonke umngcele we-Windows-Linux kuhamba kancane ngokulinganiswa emisebenzini ye-I/O-heavy, ukulungisa iphutha eliwela umngcele kudinga ukusethwa okwengeziwe, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows GUI zihlala ngaphandle kobubanzi be-WSL2 ngokuphelele.

Emaqenjini akha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows, isofthiwe yedeskithophu esekelwe ku-Electron, nanoma yiluphi uchungechunge lwamathuluzi okufanele luhlanganiswe nama-Windows API, ukuthuthukiswa komdabu akukona ukuzikhethela — futhi ukuhamba komsebenzi okungaguquki okuchazwe lapha kudlula i-WSL2 kulawo macala okusebenzisa kuwo wonke amabhentshimakhi engiwasebenzisile. Izikhathi zokwakha zephrojekthi ye-Electron yosayizi omaphakathi yehle ngo-34% lapho isuswa ku-WSL2 enohlelo oluphambanayo lwe-I/O yayiswa ekusethweni komdabu okuphelele okuncike esikalini esifanele.

Ungakuphatha Kanjani Ukukhiqiza Kanjiniyela Nokusebenza Kwebhizinisi Ndawonye?

Ukulungisa indawo yakho yokuthuthuka kuwuhhafu owodwa kuphela wesibalo. Ukuqhuba ibhizinisi lesofthiwe noma isitolo sokuthuthukisa kudinga ukuxhumanisa ukuphathwa kwamakhasimende, amapayipi wephrojekthi, ukuhamba komsebenzi kweqembu, ama-invoyisi, nokumaketha - futhi onjiniyela abaningi bahlanganisa lokhu kusukela kumathuluzi e-SaaS anqanyuliwe amahlanu noma ayisithupha angakhulumisani nhlobo.

Yilokhu Mewayz eyakhelwe ukukuxazulula. Ngamamojula ahlanganisiwe angu-207 ahlanganisa yonke into kusukela ku-CRM nokuphathwa kwephrojekthi kuya ekuhleleni okuqukethwe kanye ne-e-commerce, i-Mewayz isebenza njengohlelo oluphelele lokusebenza lwebhizinisi kunesinye isixazululo samaphuzu angawodwa. Abasebenzisi abangaphezu kuka-138,000 njengamanje baqhuba imisebenzi yabo endaweni yezinhlelo ezinhlelweni eziqala ku-$19 ngenyanga - ingxenye yalokho amaqembu amaningi ayichitha ehlanganisa i-Notion, i-HubSpot, i-Trello, ne-FreshBooks ngokuhlukana.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe kufanelekile ukulungisa ukuthuthukiswa komdabu kwe-Windows noma kufanele ngivele ngisebenzise i-WSL2 kuyo yonke into?

Kuncike ngokuphelele kungxenyekazi oyiqondise. I-WSL2 iyisinqumo esifanele uma uthumela ku-Linux futhi ufuna ukunciphisa ukukhukhuleka kwemvelo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Native Windows kuyisinqumo esifanele uma wakha izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Windows, usebenza nama-API aqondene ne-Windows, noma udinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kwesistimu yefayela kumaketanga amathuluzi wokwakha. Lezi zindlela ezimbili azihlukani - amaqembu amaningi asebenzisa amathuluzi omdabu e-Windows kumapayipi awo okwakha kanye ne-WSL2 ekuhloleni okuqondene ne-Linux kuphela.

Iluphi ushintsho olukhulu kakhulu oluthuthukise indawo yami ye-Windows dev?

Ukunika amandla Imodi Yonjiniyela nokuthuthela ku-Scoop njengomphathi wephakheji oyinhloko kube nomthelela osheshayo ophezulu kakhulu. Imodeli yokufaka yendawo yomsebenzisi ye-Scoop isuse izinkinga zokuphakama kwemvume ezibangele cishe ukwehluleka okungu-40% kwemvelo yami, futhi indlela yayo esuselwe ku-manifest yenza ukuphindaphinda kwemvelo kuyo yonke imishini kunqume okokuqala.

Ingabe i-Mewayz iwasiza kanjani amaqembu okuthuthukisa kanye namabhizinisi esofthiwe ngokuqondile?

I-Mewayz ihlanganisa isendlalelo sokusebenza amaqembu okuthuthukisa ngokuvamile asishaya indiva kuze kube buhlungu. Ukugibela iklayenti, ukuhlelwa kwephrojekthi, ukukhiqizwa kwesiphakamiso, ama-invoyisi, ukuxhumana kweqembu, kanye nokuzenzakalela kokumaketha konke kuphathwa ngaphakathi kwenkundla eyodwa. Kuma-ejensi amancane nonjiniyela abazimele ikakhulukazi, ukususa okungaphezulu kokuphatha okubhaliselwe kwe-SaaS okuningi kanye nokudluliswa kwedatha okwenziwa ngesandla phakathi kwamathuluzi kukhulula isikhathi esibalulekile sokugxila emsebenzini wokuthuthukisa wangempela.

Ukuthuthukiswa komdabu kwe-Windows akuphukanga kakhulu - akuzange kunikezwe ukusethwa ngamabomu okufanele. Ngokwakhiwa kwe-toolchain efanele, iyindawo ekwazi ngempela ukwenza isofthiwe yokukhiqiza. Futhi uma indawo yakho yokuthuthuka izinzile, ibhodlela elilandelayo lihlala lisebenza. Qala isilingo sakho se-Mewayz namuhla futhi ulethe isakhiwo samabomu esifanayo esandlalweni sakho sebhizinisi osanda kusiletha endaweni yakho ye-dev.