Indlela Ukufundisa Amamolekyuli Ukucabanga Kwembula Kanjani Ukuthi 'Ingqondo' Iyini

Ososayensi bahlela i-DNA namaprotheni ukuze bacubungule ulwazi, benze izinqumo, futhi baxazulule izinkinga - futhi ngokwenza kanjalo, ngokuyisisekelo bachaza kabusha ukuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba "nomqondo." Lokhu kuguquguquka kwamangqamuzana akuyona nje indaba yesayensi yezinto eziphilayo; ilungisa kabusha indlela esiklama ngayo amasistimu ahlakaniphile, kusukela kumaseli aphilayo kuya ezinkundleni zebhizinisi eziqhuba izinhlangano zesimanje.

Kusho Ukuthini Ngempela Ukufundisa Ingqamuzana Ukucabanga?

Amashumi eminyaka, ukucabanga bekubhekwa njengempahla ekhethekile yobuchopho bebhayoloji. Kepha abacwaningi kubhayoloji yokwenziwa kanye nekhompuyutha yamangqamuzana bakhombisile ukuthi ingqondo - emnyombweni wayo - ayizimele ngaphansi kwe-substrate. Ingqondo, esimweni sayo esihlutshiwe kakhulu, yinoma yiluphi uhlelo oluthatha ulwazi, lulucubungule ngokwemithetho, futhi lukhiqize umphumela ophusile.

Ososayensi manje sebakhe amasango e-DNA-based logic angakwazi ukubona izimpawu eziphilayo zomdlavuza kuseli futhi aqalise impendulo ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi ikhompuyutha yangaphandle. Ama-molecule e-RNA aklanyelwe ukubala, akhumbule, futhi anqume. Le mishini yamangqamuzana ayinawo ama-neurons, nokho yenza imisebenzi ebalulekile esiyihlobanisa nokuqaphela. Incazelo ijulile: "ingqondo" ayiyona into ekhethekile yebhayoloji — iyiphethini yokucubungula ulwazi oluhlelekile.

Lo mehluko ubaluleke kakhulu. Uma sesamukele ukuthi ukucabanga kumayelana nesakhiwo esikhundleni sengqikithi, sivula umnyango wokuklama izingqondo kuzo zonke izilinganiso - okuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokusebenza obushumekwe ezinhlelweni zesofthiwe eziqhuba amabhizinisi.

Uguquke Kanjani Umlando We-Molecular Computing Waba Yilokhu Esikubona Namuhla?

Indaba iqala ngo-1994, lapho u-Leonard Adleman exazulula inkinga yokubala esebenzisa imicu ye-DNA epayipini lokuhlola. Kwakubonakala kuyilukuluku. Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, abacwaningi bakhela kulokho kuqondisisa, ubunjiniyela baba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe. Ngawo-2010s, amaqembu e-Caltech nase-MIT ayesekha amanethiwekhi e-DNA neural akwazi ukubona amaphethini.

Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ukuqonda kwethu ingqondo ngokwayo bekuyashintsha. Amamodeli e-Connectionist nokufunda okujulile kwembula ukuthi ubuhlakani buvela kumayunithi alula asebenzisana esikalini - hhayi kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yemilingo. Ama-Neurons, phela, amaseli nje alandela imithetho ye-electrochemical. Ubuchopho buyikhompyutha yamangqamuzana esebenzisa uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.

Lokhu kuhlangana — amasistimu wamangqamuzana afana nengqondo, futhi izingqondo ziqondwa njengamasistimu wamangqamuzana - kweqe umngcele wakudala phakathi kwempilo nengqondo. Namuhla, izazi zebhayoloji zokwenziwa ziklama amaseli aziphatha njengama-ejenti amancane athatha izinqumo, kuyilapho ososayensi bekhompyutha bethola ugqozi oluqondile ekuhlakanipheni kwebhayoloji ukuze akhe izakhiwo zesofthiwe ezihlakaniphile.

Iyini Imithelela Engokoqobo Yendlela Esakha Ngayo Amasistimu Ahlakaniphile?

Izifundo ezisuka kulwazi lwamamolekyuli zihumusha ngokuqondile izimiso zokuklama noma iyiphi isistimu ehlakaniphile, yebhayoloji noma yedijithali:

• I-Modularity inika amandla ubunkimbinkimbi: Amasekhethi e-molecular akhiwe ngezingxenye ezihlukene, ezisebenziseka kabusha — njengoba nje nezinkundla zesofthiwe ezinamandla zakhiwe ngamamojula ahlanganisiwe, ahlanganisekayo aphatha imisebenzi ethile ngaphandle kokuphinda asetshenziswe.
• Izihibe zempendulo zithuthukisa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo: Amasistimu amangqamuzana aphilayo ezwa indawo yawo futhi alungise. Amathuluzi ebhizinisi ahlakaniphile enza okufanayo, esebenzisa impendulo yedatha ukuze athuthukise ukuhamba komsebenzi futhi aveze izinqumo ezingcono.
• Amabhithi okucubungula asatshalalisiwe: Ingqondo ayinaso isikhungo somyalo esisodwa. Amasistimu aqinile - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amaselula noma inhlangano - asakaza ubuhlakani ezindaweni eziningi ezixhumene.
• Ukuziphatha okuphuthumayo kuwumgomo: Ayikho i-molecule eyodwa ehlakaniphile. Ubuhlakani buvela ekusebenzelaneni kwezingxenye eziningi ezilula ezisebenza ndawonye - isimiso esisebenza ngokulinganayo emaqenjini, izimakethe, kanye nezinkundla zebhizinisi.
• Inkumbulo nomongo kuyisisekelo: Ngisho nezingqondo zamangqamuzana ezilula zigcina isimo. Noma yiluphi uhlelo olungakhumbuli alukwazi ukufunda noma lube ngcono ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

"Ingqondo ayenziwanga ngama-neuron — yenziwa ngobudlelwano. Lapho uqonda ukuthi ukucabanga kuyiphethini kunento, uyabona ukuthi ingakhiwa noma yikuphi, nganoma yisiphi isikali, ngesakhiwo esifanele."

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Yimaphi Amathrendi Azayo Avelayo Kulo Mda Wokucwaninga?

Ucwaningo lokuqonda kwamangqamuzana luyakhula ngesivinini ezindaweni eziningi. Abacwaningi benza imithi yokwelapha ye-RNA ehlelekayo “engacabanga” ngaphakathi komzimba wesiguli, ihlonze isifo futhi inikeze ukwelashwa ngokuzimele. I-Neuromorphic computing chips, enziwe imodeli ngokuqondile ku-biological neural architectures, ahlanganiswa ku-AI hardware ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle okufana nobuchopho.

Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, inkambu ikhiqiza ulwazimagama olusha lobuhlakani — olususelwe olwazini lwe-thermodynamics, ukuphathwa kwe-entropy, nobunkimbinkimbi obuguquguqukayo. Lesi silulumagama sibolekwa abaklami bezinhlelo, ongoti benhlangano, nabaklami bezobuchwepheshe abafuna ukwakha izinkundla ezingagcini nje ngokuzenzakalela imisebenzi kodwa ezifunda ngempela futhi ziguquke eduze nabasebenzisi ababanikezayo.

Amabhizinisi azochuma kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo kuzoba yilawo ingqalasizinda yawo yokusebenza efana nale migomo: imodular, iguquguqukayo, eqaphela umongo, futhi ekwazi ubuhlakani obuvelayo ngesilinganiso.

Ukuqonda Ingqondo Yengqamuzana Kubasiza Kanjani Abaholi Bebhizinisi Ukwenza Izinqumo Ezihlakaniphile Namuhla?

Imininingwane ewumongo evela kulwazi lwamamolekyuli yilokhu: ubuhlakani buyinto yenhlangano, hhayi eyokuphathelene. Awudingi isabelomali esikhulu socwaningo ukuze uqhube inhlangano ehlakaniphile - udinga i-architecture efanele. Njengoba nje umjikelezo wamangqamuzana oklanywe kahle ungenza ukubala okuyinkimbinkimbi ngamandla amancane, isistimu yokusebenza yebhizinisi edidiyelwe kahle inganikeza iqembu elincane ithuba lokuqonda lelikhulu kakhulu.

I-Mewayz yakhelwe phezu kwalo mgomo. Ngamamojula angu-207 ahlanganiswe ngokujulile ahlanganisa ukumaketha, i-e-commerce, i-CRM, okuqukethwe, izibalo, ukuhlela, nokuphatha iqembu, i-Mewayz isebenza njengomqondo osebenzayo webhizinisi lakho. Ihlanganisa amathuluzi ahlukene abe isistimu eyodwa ehambisanayo - leyo ecubungula ulwazi, eveza imininingwane, futhi enika amandla izinqumo ezingcono kuyo yonke imisebenzi yenhlangano yakho. Abasebenzisi abangaphezu kuka-138,000 sebevele benza imisebenzi ehlakaniphile ngokusebenzisa inkundla, ezinhlelweni eziqala ku-$19 ngenyanga.

Isifundo esivela kulebhu sicacile: ubunkimbinkimbi abudingi ukuxaka. Amasistimu ahlakaniphe kakhulu ahlanganiswe ngobuhle, awahlanganiswanga ngendlela exakile.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe ama-molecule angakwazi ngempela ukwenza izinqumo ngendlela ubuchopho obenza ngayo?

Ngomqondo wokusebenza, yebo. Amasistimu wamangqamuzana athuthukisiwe abonisiwe ukuze ahlaziye okokufaka, asebenzise imithetho enengqondo, futhi akhiqize imiphumela enemibandela - okuwumongo wemishini wokwenza izinqumo. Abanakho ukwazi noma ukuzizwisa, kodwa benza imisebenzi yokucubungula ulwazi esekela ukuqonda. Lo mehluko phakathi kokucabanga okusebenzayo kanye nolwazi olunolwazi ngenye yezinkulumo-mpikiswano ezisebenza kakhulu kusayensi yezinzwa nefilosofi yengqondo namuhla.

Ihluke kanjani i-molecular computing kukhompuyutha evamile?

Ikhompuyutha evamile isebenzisa ama-silicon transistors ukufaka ikhodi kanambambili ulwazi. Ikhompuyutha yamangqamuzana isebenzisa ukusebenzisana kwamakhemikhali - ngokuvamile phakathi kwe-DNA, i-RNA, noma amaprotheni - ukuhlanganisa nokucubungula ulwazi. Inzuzo eyinhloko isikali kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla: ithonsi elilodwa lesixazululo lingaqukatha izinto eziningi zokubala kune-silicon chip, futhi ukusabela kwebhayoloji kusebenza ngendlela eyongayo ngendlela engavamile uma kuqhathaniswa namasekhethi kagesi. Amasistimu wamangqamuzana nawo asebenza ngokuhambisana ngokuzenzakalela, alingisa ukwakheka okusabalaliswe kakhulu kobuchopho.

Lolu cwaningo lusho ukuthini ngokuthuthukiswa kobuhlakani bokwenziwa?

Ucwaningo lwazisa i-AI ngezindlela ezimbili ezinkulu. Okokuqala, iqinisekisa uhlaka lwe-modularity-and-emergence olusekela ukufunda okujulile kwesimanje - okubonisa ukuthi ubuhlakani buvela ngempela kumayunithi asebenzisanayo esikalini. Okwesibili, kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-neuromorphic kanye nama-algorithms aphefumulelwe nge-bio aphindaphinda ukusebenza kahle kokuqaphela kwebhayoloji, okungenzeka enze amasistimu e-AI asebenze anekhono kakhulu futhi awonga amandla kunamamodeli anamuhla.

Isayensi yengqondo yamamolekyuli isifundisa ukuthi ubuhlakani bulinganisa ngokuhlanganisa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungunjiniyela wesekethe ye-DNA noma uqhuba ibhizinisi elikhulayo, isimiso siyefana: isakhiwo esifanele siguqula izingxenye ezilula zibe okuthile okukhulu kunesamba sezingxenye zazo. I-Mewayz inika ibhizinisi lakho leyo zakhiwo — amamojula angu-207, inkundla eyodwa ehlanganisiwe, eqala ku-$19/ngenyanga. Joyina abasebenzisi abangaphezu kuka-138,000 asebevele basebenza ngobuchule. Qala ukwakha i-OS yebhizinisi lakho kokuthi app.mewayz.com namuhla.