Ukulayisha Kwephutha Ku-Zig: I-Zig Icabanga Kabusha Iphutha Lokuphatha Ikhodi Yesistimu Ephephile

Amaphutha okulayisha ku-Zig avumela abathuthukisi ukuthi banamathisele idatha yomongo emananini ephutha, kuxazululwe inkinga yesikhathi eside yokulahlekelwa ulwazi lokuxilonga lapho basakaza amaphutha ngezitaki zekholi. Ngokungafani namakhodi amaphutha endabuko noma izinhlelo ezihlukile ze-heavyweight, indlela ye-Zig ikunikeza umongo wephutha ohleliwe, wokuhlanganisa ohlolwe isikhathi ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza noma ukufundeka.

Yini Inkokhelo Eyiphutha Futhi Kungani I-Zig Iyidinga?

Imodeli yokusingatha iphutha ye-Zig yakhelwe eduze kwezinyunyana zamaphutha, uhlobo lwezinga lokwakhiwa oluphoqa abafonayo ukuthi bavume futhi baphathe amaphutha ngokusobala. Inyunyana yephutha ihlanganisa uhlobo olujwayelekile lokubuyisela nesethi yephutha, ebhalwe njengokuthi ErrorSet!ReturnType. Uma umsebenzi wehluleka, ubuyisela inani lephutha kusukela kusethi. Inselele ngokomlando kube ukuthi amakhodi ephutha angenalutho awanawo umongo owengeziwe: uyazi lokho okungahambanga kahle, kodwa hhayi kuphi, kungani, noma ngakuphi okokufaka okuthile.

Iphutha ekulayishweni kwenkokhelo libhekana nalesi sikhala. Ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi olwengeziwe eduze komaka wephutha, onjiniyela bangasakaza ukuxilonga okunenjongo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa isimo somhlaba wonke, isitoreji sendawo yochungechunge, noma amapharamitha angaphandle. Le nqubo igcina ifilosofi ye-Zig yokukhipha i-zero-cost injalo ngoba imithwalo ekhokhelwayo inikezwa kuphela futhi igcwaliswe uma kwenzeka iphutha ngempela, hhayi endleleni yempumelelo.

Ingabe Inkokhelo Yephutha Iqhathaniswa Kanjani Nokuphatha Iphutha Kwezinye Izilimi?

Ukuqonda ukukhetha kwedizayini ye-Zig kuba sobala uma uqhathanisa imodeli yayo yephutha nezinye ku-ecosystem yokuhlela yesistimu:

• C's errno and return codes: Okuqukethwe kwephutha kugcinwe kokuguquguqukayo komhlaba wonke, kuyenza ingaphephile ngaphandle kokuqondiswa ngokucophelela. Akukho ukuphoqelela komhlanganisi, ngakho-ke amaphutha azitshwanga.
• Okuhlukile kwe-C++: Okuhlukile kuthwala imithwalo ecebile ngokwemvelo, kodwa kwethula ukugeleza kokulawula okufihliwe, kuvimbele ukulungiselelwa okuthile, futhi kwengeze phezulu kasayizi kanambambili. Amaqembu amaningi ashumekiwe nathuthukiswayo awenza angasebenzi ngokuphelele.
• Umphumela we-Rust: Indlela ye-Rust isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu. Amaphutha enziwe ngokwezifiso ama-enum anedatha ehlotshaniswayo athola umphumela ofanayo, kodwa amasethi wephutha we-Zig angasindi kakhudlwana futhi ahlanganiswa namagama angukhiye zama kanye bamba olimi ezingeni le-syntactic.
• I-multi-return ye-Go (inani, iphutha): I-Go ikhuthaza amaphutha okugoqa nge-fmt.Errorf noma izinhlobo ze-sentinel, kodwa isihlanganisi asiphoqeleli ukuphathwa. Amaphutha amanani okusebenzelana avamile ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kokuphelela kwesikhathi.
• Izinyunyana zephutha ze-Zig ezinomthwalo okhokhelwayo: I-Zig ithatha indawo emaphakathi, ihlinzeka ngokubamba okuphoqelelwe komdidiyeli, izindleko eziqandayo endleleni yempumelelo, kanye nekhono lokunamathisela umongo ohleliwe ngaphandle kokwabiwa kwenqwaba uma isetshenziswa nedatha enescoped-stack.

Le spectrum iveza ithrendi ecacile ekwakhiweni kolimi: imboni iguqulela ekuphathweni kwamaphutha okuthayiphiwe, okuphoqelelwe, futhi u-Zig uqhubekisela phambili lowo mngcele ngokwenza okulayishwayo kube ukukhathazeka kwe-ergonomic kwesigaba sokuqala ngaphandle kokufaka engozini izindleko zesikhathi sokusebenza.

Ingabe Ukuqaliswa Kubukeka Kanjani Empeleni Ekusebenzeni?

Kukhodi ye-Zig esebenzayo, ukulayishwa kwephutha kwephutha kubonakala ngephethini lapho imisebenzi ibuyisela isakhiwo noma inyunyana emakiwe egoqa kokubili ukuhlukaniswa kwephutha nedatha eyengeziwe. Cabangela umhlahleli wefayela odinga ukubika hhayi nje "ifomethi engavumelekile" kodwa i-byte offset kanye nethokheni engalindelekile okuhlangatshezwane nayo. Kunokuba ungene ku-stderr noma ufihle imininingwane esiteshini esiseceleni, umsebenzi ubuyisela isakhiwo sokulayisha okukhokhelwayo esiqukethe i-offset, isethi yethokheni elindelekile, kanye namabhayithi angempela atholakele.

Igama elingukhiye elithi try lisakaza lawa maphutha athuthukisiwe ngochungechunge lwezingcingo ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi kwisibambi sezinga eliphezulu, ungakwazi ukufanisa iphethini kumaka wephutha futhi ukhiphe ukulayishwa kwenkokhelo yokungena, ukubonisa, noma ukukhumbula ukutholwa. Lokhu kwenza iZig codebases zikwazi ukulungiseka ngendlela emangalisayo ngoba yonke indlela yephutha iphethe owayo umkhondo we-forensic.

I-Key Insight: Inzuzo enomthelela kakhulu yokulayisha kwamaphutha akuyona indlela yokusebenza yesikhathi sokusebenza; kunengqondo. Uma iphutha ngalinye liphethe umongo walo, onjiniyela bachitha isikhathi esincane bekhiqiza ukwehluleka kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe bekulungisa. Amaphutha okulayisha aguqula "okuthile akuhambanga kahle" kube "le nto ethize ayihambanga kahle lapha, ngalokhu okokufaka," agoqa umjikelezo wokususa iphutha ukusuka emahoreni ukuya emaminithini.

Iyini Imithelela Yomhlaba Wangempela Yezinhlelo Zokukhiqiza?

Amaqembu amukela i-Zig yengqalasizinda yokukhiqiza, kusukela kumasevisi enethiwekhi kuya ku-firmware eshumekiwe, abika ukuthuthukiswa okungalinganiseka ngesikhathi sokuxazululwa (MTTR) uma ukulayishwa kwamaphutha kusetshenziswa ngokuhlelekile. Iphethini ikhuthaza isiyalo lapho wonke umsebenzi ongafeyila ubhala kanjani wehluleka ngendlela eqinile efana nenkontileka yempumelelo yayo.

Ezinkampanini eziphethe amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi, lokhu kukhombisa iqiniso elibanzi lokusebenza: mongo wephutha elihlelekile ungamandla okuphindaphinda ubunjiniyela obunokwethenjelwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulandelela iphakethe elingalungile ngesitaki senethiwekhi noma uhlonza ukwehluleka kokuhlelwa kokuhlelwa epayipini lokuphakela, umehluko phakathi kwekhodi engenalutho enekhodi yokulayisha kanye nomugqa wephutha olindelwe umehluko wenombolo yokukhokha. ukulungiswa kwemizuzu emihlanu kanye nophenyo lwamahora amane.

Lo mgomo udlulela ngale kwezilimi zokuhlela. Noma iyiphi isistimu ekusiza ukuthi uthwebule, usakaze, futhi wenze ngokomongo ohleliwe lapho izinto zingahambi kahle, kusukela ekulayishweni kwamaphutha ngekhodi kuya kumadeshibhodi okusebenza kumathuluzi ebhizinisi, kunciphisa ngokumangazayo izindleko zokwehluleka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Ingabe ukulayishwa kwephutha kwe-Zig kwabiwe?

Akunjalo. I-Zig inika onjiniyela ukulawula isu lokwaba. I-Payloads ingaphila esitakini uma impilo yayo yonke ifinyelelwe kumsebenzi wamanje noma inikezwe ngokucacile lapho idinga ukuphikelela ukweqa imingcele yezingcingo. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kusho ukuthi ugwema isabelo senqwaba ebekwe amasistimu asekelwe ngaphandle ku-C++ noma ku-Java. Ezindleleni ezibalulekile zokusebenza, imithwalo ekhokhayo enescope yengeze iqanda lokwaba endleleni yephutha.

Ingabe ukulayisha okukhokhelwayo kwephutha kusebenzisana kanjani nezici ze-Zig comptime?

Imodeli yokuhlanganisa yesikhathi se-Zig ivumela amasethi wamaphutha kanye nezinhlobo zawo zokulayisha okuhambisanayo ukuthi ziqinisekiswe ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa. Umhlanganisi angaqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umaka wephutha kusethi unesibambi esihambisanayo nokuthi izinhlobo zokulayisha okukhokhelwayo zihlelwa ngendlela efanele endaweni ngayinye yokushaya ucingo. Lokhu kuqeda lonke ikilasi lezimanga zesikhathi sokusebenza lapho iphutha libanjwa khona kodwa umthwalo walo okhokhelwayo ungahunyushwa ngokungeyikho noma uzitshiwe, umthombo ovamile wokwehluleka buthule kumasistimu wamaphutha athayiphiwe ngokuxekethile.

Ingabe kufanele ngisebenzise amaphutha okukhokha kuwo wonke umsebenzi ongahluleka?

Sebenzisa ukulayisha okukhokhelwayo lapho umongo wephutha usiza ngokunengqondo ukuthola noma ukulungisa amaphutha oshaya ucingo. Ngemisebenzi elula lapho isethi yephutha incane futhi izichaza ngokwayo, njengokwehluleka kokwabiwa, umaka wephutha ongenalutho wanele. Gcina imithwalo ekhokhelwayo yokusebenza lapho imodi yokwehluleka incike esimweni sokufakwayo: ukucozulula, ukuqinisekiswa, i-I/O enokuhlosiwe okuqondile, noma ukuphathwa kwephrothokholi. Ukusebenza kwezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kwengeza umsindo ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa ukulungiseka.

Yakha Amasistimu Angcono Ngamathuluzi Alungile

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhala amasevisi e-Zig aqinile noma uphatha imisebenzi yebhizinisi eyinkimbinkimbi, impumelelo incike ekubeni namasistimu ahlelekile aveza ulwazi olulungile ngesikhathi esifanele. I-Mewayz iletha ifilosofi efanayo ekuphathweni kwebhizinisi: amamojula ahlanganisiwe angu-207 aklanyelwe ukunikeza ithimba lakho umongo ohlelekile kukho konke ukuhamba komsebenzi, kusukela ekulandeleleni iphrojekthi kuya ekuxhumaneni kwamaklayenti. Joyina abasebenzisi abangu-138,000 abashintshe ukuqagela kokusebenza ngokucaca. Qala isilingo sakho samahhala ku-app.mewayz.com futhi uzizwele i-OS yebhizinisi eyakhelwe amaqembu angafuni ukuphuphutheka.