I-Debunking Zswap kanye ne-Zram Myths

Isingeniso: Ukusula Umoya Ekuphathweni Kwenkumbulo ye-Linux

Ekuphishekeleni okuqhubekayo kokusebenza okuhle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziqaphela izinsiza njengeziqukathi zamafu, imishini ebonakalayo, nezindawo zokusebenza zokuthuthukisa, abalawuli be-Linux nonjiniyela bahlala beshuna amasistimu abo. Amathuluzi amabili anamandla avame ukungena engxoxweni yi-Zswap ne-Zram. Nakuba kuwubuchwepheshe obuhlobene obuhloselwe ukunciphisa ingcindezi yenkumbulo, inkungu yemibono eyiphutha ibazungezile. Ukuqonda iqiniso kubalulekile, njengoba ukungalungiseki kahle kungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza esikhundleni sezinzuzo. Njengoba nje i-OS yebhizinisi eyimojuli efana ne-Mewayz incike ezinqubweni ezicacile, eziphumelelayo ukuze iqondise ukusebenza, uhlelo lwakho lwe-Linux luncike ekuqondeni okucacile kwezingxenye zalo eziyinhloko ukuze lusebenze kahle. Ake sikhulume ngezinganekwane ezivame kakhulu mayelana ne-Zswap ne-Zram.

Inganekwane 1: I-Zram ne-Zswap Yinto eyodwa

Lona mhlawumbe umbono oyiphutha ovame kakhulu. Ngenkathi bobabili ubuchwepheshe busebenzisa ukucindezela ukubhekana nokushoda kwenkumbulo, izakhiwo zabo eziyisisekelo nezindima zihlukile. I-Zram, ngaphambilini ebibizwa ngokuthi "inqolobane ecindezelwe yenkumbulo," idala idivayisi yokuvimba ebonakalayo, ecindezelwe ku-RAM. Uma uhlelo ludinga isikhala sokushintshana, lisebenzisa le divayisi ye-zram esikhundleni sokubhalela (noma ngaphambi) kufayela elihamba kancane elisuselwa kudiski. Ukuminyanisa nokuwohloka kwenzeka ngokuphelele enkumbulweni, okushesha kakhulu kunediski I/O.

I-Zswap, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenza njengenqolobane yangaphambili yedivayisi yokushintshaniswa ngokomzimba (njengefayela lokushintshwa ku-SSD). Uma ikhasi lihlelelwe ukushintshwa, i-Zswap izama kuqala ukuyiminyanisa. Uma ukuminyanisa kuphumelela, ikhasi ligcinwa echibini lememori elizinikele. Kuphela uma i-Zswap pool igcwele noma ikhasi lingenakucindezelwa lapho libhalwa khona kudiski yokushintshana ngokomzimba. Cabanga nge-Zram njengediski ye-RAM ezinikele, enesivinini esikhulu sokushintshana, kuyilapho i-Zswap iyisigcinalwazi esihlakaniphile, esisenkumbulweni sokushintshashintsha kwakho okungokwesiko okusekelwe kudiski.

Inganekwane 2: Ukunika amandla i-Zram noma i-Zswap Kuhlala Kuthuthukisa Ukusebenza

Kuyalinga ukucabanga ukuthi ukungeza isendlalelo sokuminyanisa kuzohlala kubangela ukukhushulwa kwesivinini, kodwa leli akulona iqiniso elijwayelekile. Inzuzo yokusebenza incike kakhulu kumthwalo wakho wokusebenza nehadiwe. Ukuhweba okuyisisekelo kuphakathi kokuthi imijikelezo ye-CPU kanye nokubambezeleka kwe-I/O. Ukucindezela nokunciphisa idatha kudinga amandla e-CPU.

• Izimo Ezizuzisayo: Kumasistimu anama-CPU asheshayo kodwa i-RAM ekhawulelwe noma isitoreji esinensa (isb., eMMC noma i-HDD), izindleko zokuminyanisa ziphansi kakhulu kunenhlawulo yediski enensayo I/O. Lokhu kuvamile ezitsheni ezingasindi, imishini ebonakalayo, namakhompyutha aphathekayo amadala.
• Izingibe Ezingaba Khona: Kusistimu ene-RAM eningi engavamisile ukushintshashintsha, i-overhead yama-algorithms wokuminyanisa iyizindleko ezimsulwa ezingenanzuzo. Ngokufanayo, uma une-NVMe SSD eshesha kakhulu, igebe lokusebenza phakathi kokucindezelwa okungaphakathi kwenkumbulo kanye nediski I/O liyancipha, okungenzeka kwenze inzuzo ye-Zswap ingadalulwa kangako.

Ukumisa kahle isistimu, njengokumisa inkundla eguquguqukayo efana ne-Mewayz, kudinga ukuqonda isimo esithile sokusetshenziswa kunokusebenzisa isixazululo esilingana nosayizi owodwa.

Inganekwane yesi-3: Kufanele usebenzise i-Zram kanye ne-Zswap Ndawonye ukuze uthole umphumela omkhulu

Lokhu kumisa akusebenzi nje kuphela; kungaba okuphambene. Ukusebenzisa i-Zram njengendawo yokushintshanisa yesistimu nayo enikwe amandla i-Zswap kudala uchungechunge olungasebenzi kahle. Cabanga ngekhasi elikhishwa enkumbulweni: lizoqala licindezelwe libe yi-Zswap pool ku-RAM, bese liphinde lihanjiswe kudivayisi ye-Zram, nayo eku-RAM. Lokhu kwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi obungadingekile kanye ne-CPU ngaphezulu ngaphandle kwenzuzo ebonakalayo.

Isihluthulelo ukukhetha ithuluzi elifanele lomsebenzi: sebenzisa i-Zram uma ufuna isisombululo esihlanzekile sokushintshwa kwememori, futhi usebenzise i-Zswap uma ufuna ukusheshisa ukusetha okukhona kokushintshanisa okusekelwe kudiski. Kungezinye izindlela, hhayi ukuphelelisa.

Indlela esebenza ngempumelelo ukukhetha eyodwa ngokusekelwe kuphrofayela yakho yesistimu. I-Zram inhle kakhulu kumasistimu lapho ufuna ukugwema ukushintshwa kwediski ngokuphelele. I-Zswap ilungele amasistimu lapho kukhona ukwahlukanisa kokushintshana ngokomzimba kodwa ufuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo.

Inganekwane 4: Lobu buchwepheshe Obemishini Yenkumbulo Ephansi Kuphela

Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-Zram ithole ukuduma kumadivayisi ane-RAM ekhawulelwe, njenge-Raspberry Pis nama-Chromebook aphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kudlulela ngale. Kungqalasizinda yesimanje, ukusebenza kahle kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezifakwe iziqukathi eziminyene kakhulu, njengalezo eziphethwe inkundla efana ne-Mewayz, ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo okusebenzayo kuhumusha ngokuqondile ukonga izindleko kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa i-Zram, ungakwazi ukweqa inkumbulo ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, uvumele imithwalo eminingi yomsebenzi ukuthi isebenze kumsingathi oyedwa ngaphandle kokucupha ukushintshashintsha kwediski okunensayo. Akukhona nje ngokusinda nge-RAM encane; imayelana nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ukuze uzuze okwengeziwe ngalokho onakho. Lo mgomo wokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ezingxenyeni zakho eziyinhloko ubaluleke kakhulu ku-Linux kernel njengoba unjalo ohlelweni lokusebenza lwebhizinisi oluklanyelwe ukwenza lula ukuhamba komsebenzi okuyinkimbinkimbi.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Isingeniso: Ukusula Umoya Ekuphathweni Kwememori ye-Linux

Ekuphishekeleni okuqhubekayo kokusebenza okuhle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziqaphela izinsiza njengeziqukathi zamafu, imishini ebonakalayo, nezindawo zokusebenza zokuthuthukisa, abalawuli be-Linux nonjiniyela bahlala beshuna amasistimu abo. Amathuluzi amabili anamandla avame ukungena engxoxweni yi-Zswap ne-Zram. Nakuba kuwubuchwepheshe obuhlobene obuhloselwe ukunciphisa ingcindezi yenkumbulo, inkungu yemibono eyiphutha ibazungezile. Ukuqonda iqiniso kubalulekile, njengoba ukungalungiseki kahle kungaholela ekwehleni kokusebenza esikhundleni sezinzuzo. Njengoba nje i-OS yebhizinisi eyimojuli efana ne-Mewayz incike ezinqubweni ezicacile, eziphumelelayo ukuze iqondise ukusebenza, uhlelo lwakho lwe-Linux luncike ekuqondeni okucacile kwezingxenye zalo eziyinhloko ukuze lusebenze kahle. Ake sikhulume ngezinganekwane ezivame kakhulu mayelana ne-Zswap ne-Zram.

Inganekwane 1: I-Zram ne-Zswap Yinto eyodwa

Lona mhlawumbe umbono oyiphutha ovame kakhulu. Ngenkathi bobabili ubuchwepheshe busebenzisa ukucindezela ukubhekana nokushoda kwenkumbulo, izakhiwo zabo eziyisisekelo nezindima zihlukile. I-Zram, ngaphambilini ebibizwa ngokuthi "inqolobane ecindezelwe yenkumbulo," idala idivayisi ebonakalayo, ecindezelwe yokuvimba ku-RAM. Uma uhlelo ludinga isikhala sokushintshana, lisebenzisa le divayisi ye-zram esikhundleni sokubhalela (noma ngaphambi) kufayela elihamba kancane elisuselwa kudiski. Ukuminyanisa nokuwohloka kwenzeka ngokuphelele enkumbulweni, okushesha kakhulu kunediski I/O.

Inganekwane 2: Ukunika amandla i-Zram noma i-Zswap Kuhlala Kuthuthukisa Ukusebenza

Kuyalinga ukucabanga ukuthi ukungeza isendlalelo sokuminyanisa kuzohlala kubangela ukukhushulwa kwesivinini, kodwa leli akulona iqiniso elijwayelekile. Inzuzo yokusebenza incike kakhulu kumthwalo wakho wokusebenza nehadiwe. Ukuhweba okuyisisekelo kuphakathi kwemijikelezo ye-CPU kanye nokubambezeleka kwe-I/O. Ukucindezela nokunciphisa idatha kudinga amandla e-CPU.

Inganekwane 3: Kufanele usebenzise i-Zram kanye ne-Zswap Ndawonye ukuze uthole umphumela omkhulu

Lokhu kumisa akusebenzi nje kuphela; kungaba okuphambene. Ukusebenzisa i-Zram njengendawo yokushintshanisa yesistimu nayo enikwe amandla i-Zswap kudala uchungechunge olungasebenzi kahle. Cabanga ngekhasi elikhishwa enkumbulweni: lizoqala licindezelwe libe yi-Zswap pool ku-RAM, bese liphinde lihanjiswe kudivayisi ye-Zram, nayo eku-RAM. Lokhu kwengeza ubunkimbinkimbi obungadingekile kanye ne-CPU ngaphezulu ngaphandle kwenzuzo ebonakalayo.

Inganekwane 4: Lobu buchwepheshe Obemishini Yenkumbulo Ephansi Kuphela

Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi i-Zram ithole ukuduma kumadivayisi ane-RAM ekhawulelwe, njenge-Raspberry Pis nama-Chromebook aphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kudlulela ngale. Kungqalasizinda yesimanje, ukusebenza kahle kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezifakwe iziqukathi eziminyene kakhulu, njengalezo eziphethwe inkundla efana ne-Mewayz, ukusetshenziswa kwenkumbulo okusebenzayo kuhumusha ngokuqondile ukonga izindleko kanye nokuminyana okuphezulu. Ngokusebenzisa i-Zram, ungakwazi ukweqa inkumbulo ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, uvumele imithwalo eminingi yomsebenzi ukuthi isebenze kumsingathi oyedwa ngaphandle kokucupha ukushintshashintsha kwediski okunensayo. Akukhona nje ngokusinda nge-RAM encane; imayelana nokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ukuze uzuze okwengeziwe ngalokho onakho. Lo mgomo wokukhulisa ukusebenza kahle ezingxenyeni zakho eziyinhloko ubaluleke kakhulu ku-Linux kernel njengoba unjalo ohlelweni lokusebenza lwebhizinisi oluklanyelwe ukwenza lula ukuhamba komsebenzi okuyinkimbinkimbi.