Werner Herzog phakathi kweNyaniso kunye neFiction

Umenzi wefilimu owasifundisa ukuba iNyaniso ingaphezulu kuneenyaniso

UWerner Herzog uchithe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu ediliza udonga phakathi kweengxelo kunye neentsomi, kwaye ngokwenza njalo, uyitshintshe ngokusisiseko indlela esicinga ngayo ngokubalisa amabali. Ngaphezulu kweefilimu ze-70 egameni lakhe - ukusuka kwi-hallucinatory jungle odyssey yeAguirre, Ingqumbo kaThixoukuya kwimizobo enqabileyo yomqolombaUmqolomba wamaphupha alityelweyo- UHerzog uye wafakazela ukuba amabali anamandla kakhulu anqabile ukucalulwa. Umsebenzi wakhe uhleli kwindawo enqatyisiweyo apho izigcawu eziboniswayo zisebenza ubunyani obubhaliweyo, kwaye imifanekiso eyinyani inobunzima bentsomi. Nabani na obalisa amabali ukuze aziphilise - abenzi befilimu, ababhali, abathengisi, abaseki - ifilosofi kaHerzog inikezela ngesikhokelo esisebenzayo nesimangalisayo sokunxibelelana ngezinto ezibalulekileyo.

Inyaniso Echulumancisayo: Ifilosofi ka-Herzog ye-Radical yokuBalisa

Kwi-1999 Declaration yakhe yaseMinnesota, u-Herzog wenza umahluko obukhali phakathi kwento awayeyibiza ngokuba "yinyani ye-accountant" kunye "nenyaniso echulumancisayo." Inyaniso ye-accountant yi-domain yedatha ekrwada, izitampu zexesha, kunye neenyani ezinokuqinisekiswa. Inyaniso echulumancisayo, ngokuchaseneyo, kukukhanya okunzulu okuvela xa umbalisi wamabali ecwangcisa, ekhulisa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha eyila iinkcukacha kwinkonzo yesityhilelo esikhulu. U-Herzog akazange afihle iindlela zakhe. Uvuma ngokuphandle kwimiboniso yeqonga kumaxwebhu akhe, eqeqesha izifundo zakhe, kunye nokulalisa abathathi-nxaxheba - njengoko wenzayo edumileyo eLa Soufrière-ukufikelela into ebaluleke ngakumbi kunokuba ikhamera yokucupha inokubamba.

Le filosofi ayikho malunga nenkohliso. Kumalunga nokuqonda ukuba ukubambelela ngokungqongqo kwiinyani zomgangatho ophezulu kunokuyifihla ngokumangalisayo inyaniso. Xa u-Herzog ebeka ithoyizi yeplastiki ngaphambili kwi-shotUkuhlangana ekupheleni kwehlabathiukugxininisa ukungabi nangqiqo kobukho bomntu e-Antarctica, wenza ukhetho lobugcisa ngamabomu. Into yokudlala yayingeyiyo "yenyani" ngokwenkqubo yembali, kodwa imvakalelo eyayivusayo - ubuncinci kunye nokungaqhelekanga kwemizamo yomntu ngokuchasene nomhlaba omkhulu, ongakhathaliyo - yayiyinyani enzulu.

Olu xinzelelo phakathi kwenyani kunye nentsingiselo luhamba kuyo yonke isakhelo somsebenzi ka-Herzog kwaye iphakamisa umbuzo odlula ngaphaya kwe-cinema: xa uzama ukunxibelelana nento ebalulekileyo, ngaba ukuchaneka okungqongqo kuhlala kuyeyona ndlela inyanisekileyo?

Izifundo ezivela eHlathi: Kutheni umxholo Ugqithisa Idatha ekrwada

Ifilimu ka-Herzog ka-1982Fitzcarraldomhlawumbi ngowona mzekelo ugqithisileyo wokuzibophelela kwakhe kwinyaniso yamava. Kunokuba asebenzise imifanekiso emincinci okanye iziphumo ezikhethekileyo ukubonisa isikhephe esirhuqwa phezu kwentaba kwiAmazon yasePeru, uHerzog ngokwenene warhuqa isikhephe esiziitoni ezingama-320 phezu kwentaba ePeru yeAmazon. Imveliso yaphantse yabulala amalungu amaninzi, yaqhuba umlingisi uJason Robards ukuba ayeke (ithathe indawo nguKlaus Kinski, owazisa isiphithiphithi sakhe), kwaye wathatha iminyaka elide kunokuba bekucwangcisiwe. Kodwa isiphumo asinakuphikiswa - yonke isakhelo saloo nqanawa idala umqolo sinobunzima obungenakuphinda buphindaphindwe umfanekiso owenziwe ngekhompyutha.

Isifundo apha asikokuba kufuneka ubeke abantu emngciphekweni ukuze baveze inqaku. Yiloo mxholo kunye namava aphilayo adala uhlobo lokuthembeka ulwazi olungenako. Kwimeko yeshishini egcwele iideshibhodi, i-spreadsheets, kunye neengxelo zekota, kulula ukwenza impazamo ekuqokeleleni idatha yokuqonda. I-CRM inokukuxelela ukuba i-churn yabathengi inyuke nge-12% kwikota yokugqibela. Kodwa kufuneka ibali - ibali malunga nokuba kutheni abo bathengi bemkile, yintoni abaye bayifumana, kwaye yintoni evezwa kukuhamba kwabo malunga nombutho wakho - ukuguqula loo nombolo ibe yinto enokwenzeka.

Apha kulapho izixhobo ezidibanisa idatha yokusebenza ziba nexabiso lokwenene. Iiplatforms ezifanaMewayz, ezidibanisa kwiimodyuli zezoshishino ze-207 - ukusuka kwi-CRM kunye ne-invoyisi ukuya kwi-HR kunye nohlalutyo - musa nje ukudibanisa amanani. Bakha umxholo odibeneyo apho iipateni zibonakala kwaye amabali avela kwidatha. U-Herzog unokuxoxa ukuba ideshibhodi yeshishini iluncedo kuphela njengoko ubukrelekrele obalisayo busetyenziswa kuyo.

Ubugcisa boMbali ongathembekanga kuNxibelelwano lweShishini

Enye yeengxelo ezidumileyo zikaHerzog,I-Dieter encinci idinga ukubhabha (1997), ilandela u-Dieter Dengler, umqhubi we-German-American pilot owasinda ekudutshulweni waza wabanjwa ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam. U-Herzog wayeno-Dengler ukuba abuyele ehlathini kwaye enze umboniso wokubaleka kwakhe, ehamba phakathi kwelizwe ngelixa ebalisa iinkumbulo zakhe. Imiboniso ayiyo "yenyani" kuyo nayiphi na intsingiselo yamaxwebhu aqhelekileyo - lulwakhiwo ngokutsha, olukhokelwa nguHerzog. Nangona kunjalo banxibelelana ngobunyani bezengqondo bamava kaDengler ngamandla kakhulu kunemifanekiso yoovimba okanye udliwano-ndlebe oluthetha-ntloko lunokwenzeka.

Kunxibelelwano lweshishini, ukulingana kobu buchule ngumzekelo, ibali lomseki, okanye ubungqina bomthengi. Eyona nguqulelo isebenzayo kwezi ayiyomibhalo ekhutshelweyo. Zibalisa ezibunjwe ngononophelo ezikhetha, zicinezele, kwaye zigxininise iinkcukacha ezithile ukuhambisa inyaniso enkulu malunga nemveliso, inkonzo, okanye uthumo. Abasebenzisi be-138,000 abaye bakhe amashishini abo eMewayz ngamnye unebali. Idatha ekrwada yokusetyenziswa kwabo - ukungena, iimodyuli zivuliwe, ii-invoyisi ezithunyelwe - zixelela uhlobo olulodwa lwenyaniso. Kodwa ibali lendlela umyili ozimeleyo eLagos athe wahlanganisa ulawulo lwabathengi bakhe, i-invoyisi, kunye nokubhukisha kwiqonga elinye, ekhulula iiyure ezili-15 ngeveki, ixelela inyaniso echulumancisayo ukuba akukho tshati yokusetyenziswa inokuhambelana.

"Iinyaniso zodwa aziyiyo inyaniso. I-stratum enzulu yenyaniso kwi-cinema - kwaye ndingaxoxa kuyo yonke inxibelelwano - ifuna ukuqulunqwa, ukucinga, kunye nesimbo." - UWerner Herzog, uguqulelwe kwi-Minnesota Declaration

Imigaqo emihlanu uHerzog angafundisa amaShishini anamhlanje malunga nokubalisa amabali ayiNyaniso

Umzimba womsebenzi ka-Herzog, osusela kwiminyaka yoo-1960 ukuya kugqatso lwakhe lwamva nje lokudlala ilizwi kunye nenkumbulo, ubonelela ngeseti yemigaqo ehambelanayo ngokumangalisayo eguqulela ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela imibutho enxibelelana ngayo nabaphulaphuli bayo. Ezi ayizothiyori ezingabonakaliyo - zizikhokelo ezisebenzayo eziye zachithwa ukusuka kumashumi eminyaka yemveliso engapheliyo yokuyila.

• Phishekela eyona nto ibalulekileyo, hayi yonke into. U-Herzog akaze azame ukubamba yonke into. Ukhangela umfanekiso omnye, umzuzu omnye, oqaqambisa intsingiselo yomboniso. Kwishishini, oku kuguqulela ekukhokeleni ngengqiqo kunokuba ulwazi lugqithise. Ingxelo yekota enezilayidi ezingama-47 ithi ngaphantsi kwesinye nesi-7 esibalisa ibali elicacileyo.
• Yamkela ukungafezeki njengomqondiso wobuqiniso.Iifilimu ze-Herzog zigcwele i-rough edges - i-awkward silences, i-angles engathandekiyo, amaxesha angacwangciswanga. Abaphulaphuli bayakuthemba oku kungafezeki kuba baziva beyinyani. Iibrendi ezikhazimlisa lonke unxibelelwano ukuze zibe kwi-sheen ekhazimlayo zidla ngokuncama ezona nyaniso zibanga ukuba ziyabuxabisa.
• Vumela izifundo zakho zithethe, kodwa ungabi nanto. U-Herzog udliwano-ndlebe nezifundo zakhe ze-documentary ngokufuna ukwazi ngokwenene, kodwa uphinde acele umngeni, ahlasele, kwaye aqondise. Ezona nkokeli zoshishino zibalaseleyo zenza okufanayo ngedatha yazo — aziqokeleli nje ingxelo yabathengi, ziyayigocagoca, ziyibeke emxholweni, kwaye zenze oko ikutyhilayo.
• Yiya apho ibali likhona, ngokwasemzimbeni. U-Herzog wenze ifilimu kwiintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo, kumazwekazi anomkhenkce, kwaye nzulu kwi-Amazon. Ukholelwa ukuba ubukho bomzimba buyatshintsha into oyibonayo. Kumashishini, oku kuthetha ukuphuma eofisini, ukutyelela abathengi, ukuya kwimisitho apho imveliso yakho isetyenziswa ngokwenene. Uhlalutyo olukude lunamandla, kodwa aluthathi indawo yamava angqalileyo.
• Ungaze uvumele i-medium ukuba ilawule umyalezo. U-Herzog uhamba ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwe-documentary kunye ne-fiction, i-35mm kunye nedijithali, iifilimu ezifakiwe kunye nemisebenzi emfutshane. Ukhetha ifomathi ekhonza ibali, hayi enye indlela. Imibutho kufuneka isebenzise ingqiqo efanayo kumajelo ayo onxibelelwano — ukuqonda okubalulekileyo kusenokuba kwividiyo yemizuzu emithathu, hayi isithuba seblogi esinamagama angama-2,000, okanye ngokuchaseneyo.

Uxwebhu njengeModeli yoShishino: Yintoni etyhilwa nguMsebenzi kaHerzog malunga nokuzinza

UHerzog wenze ngaphezulu kwe-30 yeengxelo kunye neempawu ezibalisayo eziphantse zibe yi-20. Ubhale iincwadi, wafundisa ii-masterclasses (ikhosi yakhe ye-intanethi yabhalisa abafundi abangaphezu kwe-10,000 kunyaka wayo wokuqala), wabalisa umsebenzi wabanye abenzi befilimu, kwaye wabonakala njengomdlali kwiiprojekthi ezisukela kwiThe Mandalorianukuya kuJack Reacher. Umsebenzi wakhe ngumzekelo wesifundo koko iingcibi zezoshishino zanamhlanje ziyibiza ngokuba yimithombo eyahlukeneyo yengeniso, nangona uHerzog ngokwakhe enokuthi alugatye olo lwimi ngokudelela.

Yintoni eyenza imodeli yakhe igcineke ayikokuhlukahlukana ngenxa yenjongo yayo kodwa lumanyano olunzulu kuyo yonke iprojekthi. Nokuba uyalathisa ifilimu malunga namabanjwa agwetyelwe ukufa okanye ethetha umntu okhohlakeleyo kuthotho lweDisney +, imbono yeHerzog engathandabuzekiyo - enomdla, engagungqiyo, ehlekisayo - ihlala injalo. Eli lishishini elilingana nesazisi sophawu oluluqilima olugcinwe kuyo yonke indawo yokuchukumisa. Xa iqonga elifana ne-Mewayz lisebenzela usomashishini oyedwa olawula iphepha lakhe le-link-in-bio kunye nenkampani ephakathi eqhuba ukuhlawulwa kwabasebenzi abangama-200 ngenkqubo efanayo, luhlobo lokubambisana - amava angaguqukiyo kuwo onke amatyala okusetyenziswa ahlukeneyo - oko kwakha ukuthembana okuhlala ixesha elide.

Umsebenzi kaHerzog ubonisa nexabiso lokusebenza kakuhle. Udume ngokudubula ngokukhawuleza, ukusebenza kunye nabasebenzi abancinci, kunye nokuchitha ixesha elincinci kwi-post-production. I-documentary yakhe ye-2004Grizzly Man, eyafumana ngaphezu kwe-3.1 yezigidi zeedola kwi-ofisi yebhokisi ngokuchasene nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali oluncinci, yahlanganiswa ngokubanzi kwimifanekiso ekhoyo edutshulwa ngumxholo wayo, uTimothy Treadwell. U-Herzog waqonda ukuba izinto eziluhlaza sele zikhona - umsebenzi wakhe wawukubonelela ngesakhiwo, ibali kunye nentsingiselo. Amashishini abeka kumbindi wemisebenzi yawo ngamaqonga adibeneyo asebenza kumgaqo ofanayo: idatha kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi sele ikhona. Ixabiso lilele ekuzidibaniseni ngobukrelekrele.

Isibindi sokunyaniseka kwiXesha loZaliso loMxholo

Siphila kwixesha apho amashishini avelisa umxholo omninzi kunayo nayiphi na indawo kwimbali. Ngaphezulu kwe-7.5 yezigidi zezithuba zeblogi zipapashwa yonke imihla. Amaqonga eendaba ezentlalo azaliswe ngumyalezo wophawu oluchanekileyo ngokobuchwephesha kodwa olungenanto ngokwasemoyeni. Kulo mhlaba, ukunyanzelisa kukaHerzog kwinyaniso echulumancisayo ayisiyonto nje yobugcisa ekhethwayo - sisicwangciso sokusinda. Umxholo otyhutyhayo ngumxholo onesibindi sokuthetha into eyinyani, nokuba oko kuthetha ukulahla imiyalezo ekhuselekileyo, eqokelelweyo, evunyiweyo yekomiti leyo uninzi lwemibutho engasilelanga kuyo.

U-Herzog wayekhe wathi ukuwa kweembongo, inyaniso evuyisayo kwi-cinema yayiza kuguqula zonke iifilimu zibe "nje inkohliso yeenyaniso." Isilumkiso esifanayo sisebenza kunxibelelwano lwezoshishino. Xa zonke iinkampani ze-SaaS zizichaza ngezichazi ezifanayo-ezintsha, ezikhawulezayo, ezicacileyo-kwaye zipapashe iindidi ezifanayo zezithuba zeblogi kunye nezifundo zemeko, yonke i-ecosystem ikhukuliseka ekungabinantsingiselo. Imibutho ebalaseleyo yileyo ikulungeleyo ukubalisa amabali angqale, abhalwe ngendlela ethile, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha angakhululeki.

Oku akuthethi ukuba amashishini kufuneka aqalise ukwenza iinkcukacha okanye ukulahlekisa abathengi. Kuthetha ukuba kufuneka batyale amandla afanayo okudala ekunxibelelaneni kwabo u-Herzog atyala imali kwiifilimu zakhe. Kuthetha ukujonga iimodyuli ze-207 kwiqonga, amawaka entsebenziswano yabathengi afakwe kwi-CRM, i-payroll iqhuba kunye nemijikelezo ye-invoyisi kunye neziqinisekiso zokubhuka, kwaye ungabuzi nje "kwenzeka ntoni?" kodwa "ithetha ukuthini le nto?" Olo tshintsho - ukusuka kwinyaniso yomgcini-mali ukuya kwinyaniso echulumancisayo - ngumahluko phakathi komxholo ogcwalisa isondlo kunye nomxholo oguqula ingqondo.

Ukufumana eyakho iNyaniso echulumancisayo

UWerner Herzog ujika iminyaka eyi-83 kulo nyaka kwaye akabonisi zimpawu zokunciphisa. Isikhumbuzo sakhe samva nje,Wonke umntu kuYe kunye noThixo ngokuchasene nabo bonkeubonakaliswe ngokungakhathali - incwadi ephethe ubomi bakhe kunye nokudibanisa okufanayo kunye nokuveliswa okuchaza iifilimu zakhe. Uhlala ebubungqina bokuba eyona misebenzi yokuyila ehlala ihleli akakhelwanga ekulandeleni iintsingiselo kodwa ekuphuhliseni imbono yesinye kunye nokuyisebenzisa ngokungayekiyo.

Kumashishini ahamba ngengxolo yeemarike zanamhlanje, isifundo seHerzogian sicacile: yeka ukuzama ukuthetha yonke into kwaye uqale ukuzama ukuthetha into ethile. Hlanganisa imisebenzi yakho ukuze ube nombono ocacileyo webali lakho. Sebenzisa izixhobo - nokuba iqonga leshishini lemodyuli ye-207 okanye ikhamera ephathwayo kwihlathi lasePeruvia - ekunika amandla okubona iipateni kwaye uchaze iinyani ezinokuthi abo bakhuphisana nabo, bangcwatywe kwiidatha ezinqanyuliweyo kunye nemiyalezo eqhelekileyo, abayi kuyifumana. Inyaniso echulumancisayo yeshishini lakho ilapha phandle. Umbuzo ngowokuba unaso na isibindi sokuyixela.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Uwenza njani umfiliba uWerner Herzog umgca phakathi koxwebhu nentsomi?

I-Herzog ibeka ngabom imiboniso ngaphakathi kweengxelo ezibhaliweyo kwaye yazisa izinto ezingeyonyani ukufikelela kwinto ayibiza ngokuba "yinyani echulumancisayo" - inyaniso enzulu ngaphaya kweenyani nje. Kwiifilimu ezifana neIzifundo zobumnyamakunyeIintsimbi ezisuka kwiNzulu, ulawula imifanekiso kwaye uqondise izifundo ukuba zenze amaxesha aziva enenyaniso ngaphezu kokuqwalaselwa ngokuthe ngqo. Le ndlela inefuthe kwizizukulwana zabenzi beefilim abalandulayo imida engqongqo yohlobo lwemifanekiso kuba befuna ukubaliswa kwamabali okuyinyani.