Uphindaphindo lwe-Moretti lupapashwe kwi-AER

IsiFundo sokuPhindwa kweSinyanzeliso: iSifundo seNdawo seMoretti kunye nekamva loPhando lweShishini

Ehlabathini loqoqosho lwezemfundo, iijenali ezimbalwa zithwala ubunzima beAmerican Economic Review (AER). Xa ipapasha uphononongo lokuphindaphinda iphepha elibalulekileyo, yonke intsimi iyaqaphela. Yile nto kanye eyenzekileyo ngophindaphindo lwakutsha nje, obekulindeleke kakhulu lomsebenzi ka-Enrico Moretti ophindaphindayo woluntu kunye nejografi yenguqulelo entsha. Kumashishini kunye nabahlalutyi, esi siganeko singaphezulu kombhalo osemazantsi wezemfundo; sisifundo esinamandla ngokungqongqo, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nokubaluleka okubalulekileyo kokwakha izigqibo kwisiseko sedatha eyomeleleyo, enokuqinisekiswa. Kwixesha apho ukhetho olucwangcisiweyo luqhutywa ngamandla edatha, imithetho-siseko egxininiswa koku kuphindaphindwa isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela iinkampani zanamhlanje, mhlawumbi zisebenzisa i-OS yeshishini eliqhelekileyo njengeMewayz, kufuneka zijongane nobukrelekrele bazo bokusebenza.

Ukuqonda iSifundo Soqobo saseMoretti

Uphando lokuqala luka-Enrico Moretti, "I-Social Return to Education and Human Capital," iphonononge into enomdla: ukuxinana kwezinto ezintsha kunye nemveliso kwizixeko ezithile. UMoretti waxoxa ukuba izibonelelo zabasebenzi abafunde kakhulu zanda ngaphaya kwemivuzo yomntu ngamnye. Ubeke isiphumo "sokuphindaphinda kwezentlalo", apho ubukho babasebenzi abanezakhono kwiqela (elifana neSilicon Valley) lidala izibonelelo ze-spillover-inguqulelo entsha, imivuzo ephezulu kubo bonke, kunye noqoqosho olunamandla lwasekhaya-olungabanjwanga yimbuyekezo yabucala yodwa. Lo msebenzi ube nefuthe elimandla kwiingcinga kuqoqosho lwasezidolophini, ubuchule betalente, notyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke kwezemfundo, ucebisa ukuba "ijografi yemisebenzi" ibotshelelwe ngokusisiseko kwijografi yophuhliso lwabantu.

I-AER Replication: Yintoni Eyifumeneyo kwaye Kutheni Ibalulekile

Uphononongo lokuphindaphinda, olukhokelwa liqela labaphandi abazimeleyo, bathathe umsebenzi onzima wokwakha ngokutsha uhlalutyo lukaMoretti ukusuka phantsi ukuya phezulu. Injongo yabo yayingekokuthoba isidima kodwa kukuqinisekisa, ilitye lembombo lendlela yesayensi ehlala ingathathi ntweni kushishino oluhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye neemeko zomgaqo-nkqubo. Iziphumo zophando zazingacacanga kodwa zibalulekile. Ngelixa esona sigqibo singundoqo-sokuba izinto zangaphandle zomntu zikhona-zimisiwe, uqikelelo lobungakanani bobuninzi bentlalo bufunyenwe bunovakalelo kukhetho oluthile lwendlela yokusebenza kunye neenkcazelo zedatha. Uphindaphindo luqinisekise ingqiqo yomkhomba-ndlela kodwa lwacoca ukuchaneka kobungakanani, sinika ukuqonda okunolungelelwaniso lwamandla esiphumo. Le nkqubo igxininisa inyaniso yehlabathi jikelele: iziphumo zokuqala zibonelela ngemephu, kodwa ukuphindaphinda kuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo.

"Ukuphindaphinda kusisiseko solwazi oluqokelelweyo lwezenzululwazi. Kwahlula ukuqonda okuqinileyo, okunokwenzeka ngokubanzi kwezo zinokuthi zibe buthathaka okanye zijolise ngqo kumxholo. Kuqoqosho nakushishino, olu qeqesho luthi lujike iipatheni ezinomdla zibe ziziseko ezithembekileyo zesenzo."

Izifundo zoShishino oluqhutywa ngeDatha

Uphindaphindo lweMoretti lubonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezithathayo kuwo nawuphi na umbutho oxhomekeke kuhlalutyo lwedatha ukukhokela iqhinga, ukusuka kuphando lwemarike kunye neemetrics zokusebenza ukuya kuqikelelo lwezimali kunye nolawulo lwetalente.

• Ukungafihli nto akukho nto ithethwayo: Ukukwazi ukuphindaphinda iziphumo kuxhomekeke kumaxwebhu acacileyo emithombo yedatha, amanyathelo okucoca, kunye neemodeli zokuhlalutya. Amashishini kufuneka amkele lo mgangatho mnye wokunika ingxelo yangaphakathi.
• Yamkela i-Methodological Scrutiny: Iziphumo eziphambili kufuneka zivavanywe uxinzelelo usebenzisa iingcamango ezahlukeneyo okanye imodeli. Ngaba isiphelo sakho malunga nokutshintsha kwemarike ekujoliswe kuyo ukuba uchaze icandelo ngokwahlukileyo? Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kubalulekile.
• Ixabiso loQinisekiso ngaphezu kweSisantya: Ngelixa isantya ukuya kwingqiqo sinokhuphiswano, ukuchaneka kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukwakha inkcubeko ethi nqumama ukungqinisisa idatha ebalulekileyo kuthintela ukuphosakela kweqhinga kweendleko.
• Imicimbi yomxholo: Ukuphindaphinda kusikhumbuza ukuba ubukhulu besiphumo bunokwahluka. Isicwangciso esisebenze kwimarike yommandla omnye asinakulinganiswa ngamandla afanayo kwenye indawo; ubukrelekrele bendawo ngundoqo.

Ukwakha i-Replication-Ready Workflow nge-Mewayz

Apha kulapho iqonga elisebenzayo langoku liba liyimfuneko. I-OS yeshishini lemodyuli efana ne-Mewayz yenzelwe ukwenza imigaqo yokungafihli kunye nokuqinisekisa ngokweziko. Ngokubeka kwindawo enye imithombo yedatha, ukuzenzela iindlela zophicotho-zincwadi, kunye nokubhala iinkqubo zokuhlalutya kwiimodyuli zayo, iMewayz idala indawo "elungele ukuphindaphinda". Ingaba iqela lokuthengisa lihlalutya ukuguqulwa kwemibhobho okanye ubunkokeli bubonisa iimeko zokwandisa, iqonga liqinisekisa ukuba yonke ingqiqo inokulandelwa emva kwimvelaphi yayo kunye nendlela. Oku akucothi ukwenza izigqibo; iyayenza iqine. Kanye njengokuba ukuphindaphindwa kwe-AER komeleza ukuqonda kwecandelo lejografi yezoqoqosho, ukudibanisa ukuqinisekiswa kwi-OS yakho yeshishini kwakha umbutho owomeleleyo, omelela ngakumbi. Ekugqibeleni, injongo iyafana: ukuguqula idatha ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ixesha libe yinto ekwazi ukuveliswa, ethembekileyo yokukhula kwexesha elide.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

IsiFundo sokuPhindwa kweSinyanzeliso: iSifundo seNdawo seMoretti kunye nekamva loPhando lweShishini

Ehlabathini loqoqosho lwezemfundo, iijenali ezimbalwa zithwala ubunzima be-American Economic Review (AER). Xa ipapasha uphononongo lokuphindaphinda iphepha elibalulekileyo, yonke intsimi iyaqaphela. Yile nto kanye eyenzekileyo ngophindaphindo lwakutsha nje, obekulindeleke kakhulu lomsebenzi ka-Enrico Moretti ophindaphindayo woluntu kunye nejografi yenguqulelo entsha. Kumashishini kunye nabahlalutyi, esi siganeko singaphezulu kombhalo osemazantsi wezemfundo; sisifundo esinamandla ngokungqongqo, ukuqinisekiswa, kunye nokubaluleka okubalulekileyo kokwakha izigqibo kwisiseko sedatha eyomeleleyo, enokuqinisekiswa. Kwixesha apho ukhetho olucwangcisiweyo luqhutywa ngamandla edatha, imithetho-siseko egxininiswa koku kuphindaphindwa isebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela iinkampani zanamhlanje, mhlawumbi zisebenzisa i-OS yeshishini eliqhelekileyo njengeMewayz, kufuneka zijongane nobukrelekrele bazo bokusebenza.

Ukuqonda iSifundo Soqobo saseMoretti

Uphando lokuqala luka-Enrico Moretti, "I-Social Return to Education and Human Capital," iphonononge into enomdla: ukuxinana kwezinto ezintsha kunye nemveliso kwizixeko ezithile. UMoretti waxoxa ukuba izibonelelo zabasebenzi abafunde kakhulu zanda ngaphaya kwemivuzo yomntu ngamnye. Ubeke isiphumo "sokuphindaphinda kwezentlalo", apho ubukho babasebenzi abanezakhono kwiqela (elifana neSilicon Valley) lidala izibonelelo ze-spillover-inguqulelo entsha, imivuzo ephezulu kubo bonke, kunye noqoqosho olunamandla lwasekhaya-olungabanjwanga yimbuyekezo yabucala yodwa. Lo msebenzi ube nefuthe elimandla kwiingcinga kuqoqosho lwasezidolophini, ubuchule betalente, notyalo-mali lukawonke-wonke kwezemfundo, ucebisa ukuba "ijografi yemisebenzi" ibotshelelwe ngokusisiseko kwijografi yophuhliso lwabantu.

I-AER Replication: Yintoni Eyifumeneyo kwaye Kutheni Ibalulekile

Uphononongo lokuphindaphinda, olukhokelwa liqela labaphandi abazimeleyo, bathathe umsebenzi onzima wokwakha ngokutsha uhlalutyo lukaMoretti ukusuka phantsi ukuya phezulu. Injongo yabo yayingekokuthoba isidima kodwa kukuqinisekisa, ilitye lembombo lendlela yesayensi ehlala ingathathi ntweni kushishino oluhamba ngokukhawuleza kunye neemeko zomgaqo-nkqubo. Iziphumo zophando zazingacacanga kodwa zibalulekile. Ngelixa esona sigqibo singundoqo-sokuba izinto zangaphandle zomntu zikhona-zimisiwe, uqikelelo lobungakanani bobuninzi bentlalo bufunyenwe bunovakalelo kukhetho oluthile lwendlela yokusebenza kunye neenkcazelo zedatha. Uphindaphindo luqinisekise ingqiqo yomkhomba-ndlela kodwa lwacoca ukuchaneka kobungakanani, sinika ukuqonda okunolungelelwaniso lwamandla esiphumo. Le nkqubo igxininisa inyaniso yehlabathi jikelele: iziphumo zokuqala zibonelela ngemephu, kodwa ukuphindaphinda kuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba ubhalwe ngokuchanekileyo.

IziFundo zeShishini eliqhutywa ngeDatha

Uphindaphindo lweMoretti lubonelela ngezinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezithathayo kuwo nawuphi na umbutho oxhomekeke kuhlalutyo lwedatha ukukhokela iqhinga, ukusuka kuphando lwemarike kunye neemetrics zokusebenza ukuya kuqikelelo lwezimali kunye nolawulo lwetalente.

Ukwakha i-Replication-Ready Workflow nge-Mewayz

Apha kulapho iqonga elisebenzayo langoku liba liyimfuneko. I-OS yeshishini lemodyuli efana ne-Mewayz yenzelwe ukwenza imigaqo yokungafihli kunye nokuqinisekisa ngokweziko. Ngokubeka kwindawo enye imithombo yedatha, ukuzenzela iindlela zophicotho-zincwadi, kunye nokubhala iinkqubo zokuhlalutya kwiimodyuli zayo, iMewayz idala indawo "elungele ukuphindaphinda". Ingaba iqela lokuthengisa lihlalutya ukuguqulwa kwemibhobho okanye ubunkokeli bubonisa iimeko zokwandisa, iqonga liqinisekisa ukuba yonke ingqiqo inokulandelwa emva kwimvelaphi yayo kunye nendlela. Oku akucothi ukwenza izigqibo; iyayenza iqine. Kanye njengokuba ukuphindaphindwa kwe-AER komeleza ukuqonda kwecandelo lejografi yezoqoqosho, ukudibanisa ukuqinisekiswa kwi-OS yakho yeshishini kwakha umbutho owomeleleyo, omelela ngakumbi. Ekugqibeleni, injongo iyafana: ukuguqula idatha ukusuka kwinqanaba lokujonga ixesha libe yinto ekwazi ukuveliswa, ethembekileyo yokukhula kwexesha elide.