Ndilulungisile uPhuhliso lweNative lweWindows: Uqhekeko olupheleleyo lweyona nto isebenzayo

Uphuhliso lwemveli lweWindows luye lwaxhatshazwa kukuqhekeka kwesixhobo, isihogo sokuxhomekeka, kunye nokungahambelani kwendalo iminyaka - kodwa emva kweenyanga zovavanyo, ekugqibeleni ndafumana ukuhamba komsebenzi okuphelisa isiphithiphithi. Esi sikhokelo sibandakanya kanye oko kwaphukileyo, into endiyizamile, kunye noseto olunika amandla imveliso yam ngaphandle kokusebenza okukodwa kwe-WSL.

Kutheni i-Windows Native Development isoloko iyiphupha elibi kangaka?

Impendulo enyanisekileyo yeyokuba iWindows ayizange iyilwe nabaphuhlisi njengabemi abaphambili. Iinkqubo ezisekwe kwi-Unix zibhakiwe ulawulo lwepakethe, ukubhalwa kweqokobhe, kunye nokwahlukaniswa kwendalo kwiDNA yazo kwasekuqaleni. Ii-Windows ziye zavala ezi zinto kwisithuba seminyaka emininzi, idala ubugqwirha be-PowerShell, i-CMD, iChocolatey, iWinget, iingxabano zexesha le-MSVC, kunye neentlekele eziguquguqukayo ze-PATH ezinokuphazamisa injineli ephezulu emva kwemini.

Iimpawu ziqhelekile kuye nabani na osebenze kwesi sithuba: iphakheji ifakela ngokuchanekileyo kumatshini omnye kwaye ithe cwaka isilele kwenye, yakha izixhobo ireferensi yeenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zomqokeleli ngokuxhomekeke kuwuphi na umsebenzi weVisual Studio owufakileyo wokugqibela, kunye neeprojekthi zeNode.js ezisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwiWSL2 ziphosa iimpazamo ezifihlakeleyo zeEPERM kwindlela yefayile yemveli. Ezi ayizomeko zomphetho — ngamava angagqibekanga kuninzi lwabaphuhlisi beWindows.

Zeziphi IiNdlela Ezingundoqo Ezaphukileyo kuSeto lwam?

Emva kokuphicotha indawo endihlala kuyo ngocwangco, ndiye ndachonga oonobangela abathathu ababangela malunga ne-80% yokusilela kwam kulwakhiwo kunye nokungangqinelani kokusingqongileyo:

• Iilayibrari zexesha lokusebenza ezingqubanayo: Iinguqulelo ezininzi zeMicrosoft Visual C++ eSasazwayo ziphinde zahlala ngaphandle komyalelo wesisombululo esicacileyo, okubangela ukusilela kukhangelo lwe-DLL kwiimodyuli zomthonyama.
• Ungcoliseko loMENDO: Izixhobo ezilishumi elinesixhenxe ezahlukeneyo ziye zafaka amangeno kwisixokelelwano se-PATH ekuhambeni kwexesha, nezininzi zisenza isithunzi enye kwenye kwaye zikhomba kwizikhokelo zofakelo ezidala.
• Ukungabikho kokwahlulwa kwendawo yeprojekthi-level: Ngokungafaniyo ne-Unix workflows apho .env iifayile kunye nezikhokelo ze-shell zingabemi beklasi yokuqala, i-Windows yayingenayo indlela ehambelanayo yokulinganisa ukuguquguquka kokusingqongileyo kwiprojekthi ngaphandle kwesixhobo somntu wesithathu.
• Iingxwabangxwaba zokuphela komgca we-Git: Ukuphathwa kweCRLF/LF okuxutyiweyo phakathi kwezixhobo zemveli zeWindows kunye namathala eencwadi anqamlezileyo kubangele ukuba iitshekhi lusilele kwiifayile ezitshixwayo, kwaphulwa ufako oluphinda luveliswe.
• Iimfuno ezinyusiweyo zemvume yee-symlinks: Uninzi lwabaphathi bepakethe baxhomekeke kuqhagamshelo olunophawu, oluthi kwi-Windows lufune iMowudi yoMphuhlisi okanye amalungelo omlawuli — isetingi uninzi loomatshini boshishino luvaliwe ngepolisi.

"Ingxaki ayizange ibe yinto yokuba iWindows ayikwazi ukwenza uphuhliso lwendalo - kukuba akukho mntu wayehlanganisele indibaniselwano efanelekileyo yezixhobo kunye noqwalaselo lwangabom. Nje ukuba uphathe indawo yakho ye-dev njengemveliso efuna izigqibo zezakhiwo, yonke into iyatshintsha. "

Ndilulungise Njani uMqukuqelo woPhuhliso lweNdawo yeWindows?

Ulungiso lwalungesosixhobo esinye okanye iskripthi somlingo. Yayiluyilo kwakhona ngabom lwendlela indalo engqongileyo edityaniswa ngayo, ikhutshelwa, kwaye igcinwa. Isiseko siqala ngokwenza iMode yoPhuhlisi kwinqanaba le-OS ukuvula indalo ye-symlink ngaphandle kokuphakama. Ukusuka apho, i-Scoop ithatha indawo ye-ad-hoc mix of installers kuba isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwindawo yabasebenzisi, iivenkile zibonakalisa kulawulo loguqulelo, kwaye iphatha ulawulo lweshim ngokucocekileyo.

Kwiiprojekthi ze-Node.js ngokukodwa, ukutshintshela kwiVolta yolawulo loguqulelo kwasusa iimpazamo ze-EPERM ebezithwaxa i-npm kwihlabathi jikelele. I-Volta ibamba iifowuni zokubini kumaleko we-shim kwaye isombulule uguqulelo oluchanekileyo lwexesha lokusebenza kwiprojekthi nganye ngaphandle kokuchukumisa inkqubo UMENDO. Idityaniswe nesitshixo esizinikezeleyo .volta kwi package.json, ukulingana kokusingqongileyo kubo bonke oomatshini kuyazenzekela kunokuba kunqwenelekayo.

Isiqwenga sokugqibela samkela umgangatho weprojekthi .env uqeqesho olunyanzeliswa ngu-direnv efakwe kwi-Windows nge-Scoop - ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke iprojekthi ithwala umxholo wayo wokusingqongileyo osebenza kwi-directory yokungena kunye nokucima xa uphuma. Ungcoliseko lwendlela lwehlile ukusuka kwishumi elinesixhenxe ukuya kwezine kwisithuba seveki.

Lutyhila ntoni uHlahlelo lothelekiso malunga neendlela zoMthonyama vs. WSL2?

I-WSL2 igqwesile ngenene kuphuhliso lokuqhutywa komsebenzi ojolise kwiindawo zokusasazwa kweLinux. Ukuba iseva yakho yemveliso iqhuba Ubuntu kwaye iqela lakho likhululekile ngezixhobo zeLinux, iWSL2 isusa ukungqubana. Nangona kunjalo, yazisa udidi lwayo lweengxaki: ukusebenza kwenkqubo yefayile ngapha komda we-Windows-Linux inomlinganiselo ocothayo kwimisebenzi ye-I/O-nzima, ulungiso lweempazamo olunqamlezayo lufuna useto olongezelelweyo, kwaye izicelo ze-Windows GUI zomthonyama zihlala ngaphandle komda we-WSL2 ngokupheleleyo.

Kumaqela akha usetyenziso lweWindows, isoftware yedesktop esekwe kwi-Electron, okanye naliphi na ikhonkco lesixhobo ekufuneka lidityaniswe nee-APIs zeWindows, uphuhliso lwemveli alukhethi - kwaye ukuhamba komsebenzi okumiselweyo okuchazwe apha kugqwesa i-WSL2 kwezo meko zokusetyenziswa kuyo yonke ibhenchmark endiyihambileyo. Amaxesha okwakhiwa kweprojekthi ye-Electron ephakathi kobungakanani ehle ngama-34% xa isusiwe kwi-WSL2 kunye nenkqubo yeefayile ezinqamlezileyo ze-I/O ukuya kulungiselelo lwendalo olupheleleyo olunokuxhomekeka ngokufanelekileyo.

Ungayilawula njani iMveliso yoPhuhlisi kunye nokuSebenza kweShishini kunye?

Ukufumana indawo yakho yophuhliso ilungile sisiqingatha nje esinye senxaki. Ukuqhuba ishishini lesoftware okanye ivenkile yophuhliso kufuna ulungelelwaniso lolawulo lwabathengi, imibhobho yeprojekthi, ukuhamba komsebenzi kweqela, i-invoyisi, kunye nokuthengisa - kwaye uninzi lwabaphuhlisi badibanisa oku kunye ukusuka kwizixhobo ze-SaaS eziqhawulwe ezintlanu okanye ezintandathu ezingazange zithethe kakuhle.

Yile nto kanye Mewayz yakhelwe ukusonjululwa. Ngeemodyuli ezidibeneyo ze-207 ezigubungela yonke into esuka kwi-CRM kunye nolawulo lweprojekthi ukuya kucwangciso lomxholo kunye ne-e-commerce, i-Mewayz isebenza njengenkqubo epheleleyo yokusebenza kweshishini kunesinye isisombululo senqaku elilodwa. Abasebenzisi abangaphezu kwe-138,000 ngoku baqhuba imisebenzi yabo eqongeni kwizicwangciso eziqala kwi-19 yeedola ngenyanga - iqhezu lezinto ezininzi ezichithwa ngamaqela amaninzi edibanisa i-Notion, i-HubSpot, i-Trello, kunye ne-FreshBooks ngokwahlukeneyo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo

Ngaba kufanelekile ukulungisa uphuhliso lwemveli lweWindows okanye kufuneka ndisebenzise i-WSL2 kuyo yonke into?

Kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwiqonga lakho ekujoliswe kulo. I-WSL2 lukhetho olufanelekileyo xa uthumela kwiLinux kwaye ufuna ukunciphisa ukuqhutywa kokusingqongileyo. Uphuhliso lweWindows lweNative lukhetho olufanelekileyo xa usakha ii-aplikeshini zeWindows, usebenza ngee-API ezithe ngqo zeWindows, okanye ufuna ubuninzi bokusebenza kwenkqubo yefayile yokwakha izixhobo zokusebenza. Ezi ndlela zimbini azikhethi cala - amaqela amaninzi asebenzisa izixhobo zomthonyama zeWindows kumbhobho wokwakha kunye ne-WSL2 kuphela kuvavanyo olungqale kwiLinux.

Loluphi olona tshintsho lukhulu luphucule imeko-bume yeWindows dev yam?

Ukunika amandla iNdlela yoPhuhlisi kunye nokufudukela kwi-Scoop njengomphathi wephakheji ephambili ibe nefuthe eliphakamileyo langoko. Umfuziselo wofakelo lwendawo yomsebenzisi we-Scoop uphelise imiba yokuphakama kwemvume ebangele malunga ne-40% yokusilela kokusingqongileyo, kwaye indlela yayo esekwe kwi-manifest yenza uphindaphindo lwemeko-bume kubo bonke oomatshini bamisela okokuqala.

Iwanceda njani iMewayz amaqela ophuhliso kunye namashishini esoftware ngokukodwa?

I-Mewayz idibanisa umaleko wokusebenza abathi amaqela ophuhliso angawuhoyi de ube buhlungu. Ukukhwela umxumi, ukujonga iprojekthi, ukwenziwa kwesindululo, i-invoyisi, unxibelelwano lweqela, kunye nokuthengisa okuzenzekelayo zonke ziphathwa kwiqonga elinye. Kwii-arhente ezincinci kunye nabaphuhlisi abazimeleyo ngokukodwa, ukuphelisa i-overhead yokulawula ukubhaliswa kwe-SaaS ezininzi kunye nokudluliselwa kwedatha ngesandla phakathi kwezixhobo kukhulula ixesha elibalulekileyo lokugxila kumsebenzi wophuhliso lwangempela.

Uphuhliso lwemveli lweWindows alophukanga ngokwesiseko - zange lunikwe ukuseta ngabom olulufaneleyo. Ngoyilo oluchanekileyo lwe-toolchain, yindawo enokwenyani yesoftware yokuvelisa. Kwaye xa imeko yakho yophuhliso izinzile, umqobo olandelayo uhlala usebenza. Qalisa isilingo sakho se-Mewayz namhlanje kwaye uzise ubume benjongo obufanayo kubume beshishini lakho obusandula ukuzisa kwindawo yakho ye-dev.