Nkɔso a Wɔagye atom a Wɔde Spec-Driven (VSDD) .

Asɛm a edi kan a ɛfa Verified Spec-Driven Development (VSDD) ho ni:

Nea enti a Software Nnwuma Dodow no ara Da so ara Di nkogu — Ne Ɔkwan a Wɔfa so Sesa Saa

Wɔ afe 2024 mu no, Standish Kuo no CHAOS amanneɛbɔ no daa no adi sɛ softwea adwuma no mu 31% pɛ na wɔwiee wɔ berɛ ano ne sikasɛm nhyehyɛeɛ mu. Wɔkasa tiaa 69% a aka no anaasɛ wodii nkogu koraa. Ntini a ɛde bae no nyɛ developers bɔne anaasɛ sika a ɛnnɔɔso — na ɛyɛ ambiguity. Akuw ahorow yɛɛ nneɛma a obiara ammisa, wɔde mmara a ɛne adwumayɛ ho mmara bɔ abira kɔmaa, na wɔde asram pii san yɛɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde nsusuwii ahorow na ɛyɛe sen sɛ wɔde ahwehwɛde ahorow a wɔagye atom no yɛɛ adwuma. Verified Spec-Driven Development (VSDD) yɛ ɔkwan a ɛreba a wɔayɛ sɛ wɔde beyi saa adwenem naayɛ yi afi hɔ koraa, a ɛhwɛ sɛ mmara biara a ɛwɔ hɔ no bɛkɔ akyiri akodu nkyerɛkyerɛmu a wɔagye atom wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so ansa na adu adwumayɛ mu da.

Nea ɛnte sɛ atetesɛm nkɔsoɔ akwan a nkyerɛkyerɛmu wɔ hɔ sɛ nkrataa a wɔakyerɛw no mmerɛw a ɛtwetwe firi nokwasɛm mu wɔ adapɛn kakraa bi mu no, VSDD di nkyerɛkyerɛmu no sɛ nneɛma a wɔtumi di dwuma, wɔtumi sɔ hwɛ, na wɔkɔ so di ho adanseɛ. Nea afi mu aba ne software a ɛyɛ nea wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛɛ mu no bɔɔ wɔn tirim sɛ wɔbɛyɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ — ɛnyɛ pii, ɛnyɛ nea ennu saa. Wɔ nnwuma a wɔde adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den a module ahorow du du pii a ɛka bom di dwuma no fam no, nea ɛkyerɛ no yɛ nsakrae.

Nea Prec-Driven Development a Wɔagye atom no Kyerɛ Ankasa

| Wɔn a wɔyɛ no fi ase denam nsɛm a mfiri betumi akenkan a ɛnyɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ softwea no yɛ nko na ɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu, na mmom anohyeto ahorow a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, edge cases, ne invariants a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nokware wɔ dwumadie no fã biara mu. Eyinom nyɛ wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no ho nsɛm a emu nna hɔ anaasɛ ahwehwɛde ahorow a wɔde atuo kyerɛ — ɛyɛ apam a emu yɛ den, a emu nna hɔ a ɛda nhyehyɛe no ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu no ntam.

"verified" component no ne deɛ ɛma VSDD da nsow wɔ spec-driven akwan dedaw no ho. Sɛ anka wɔde wɔn ho bɛto nsaano mmara nhwehwɛmu anaa nokwasɛm akyi sɔhwɛ so de asi so dua sɛ wɔadi mmara so no, VSDD de nnwinnadeɛ a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma so di dwuma — a sɔhwɛ a egyina agyapadeɛ so, apam mu nhwehwɛmufoɔ, ne wɔ nsɛm bi mu no, adansedie aboafoɔ a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ ka ho — de kɔ so si so dua sɛ dwumadie no ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu no hyia. Sɛ code no drifts fi spec no so a, build no di nkogu. Sɛ spec no sesa a, nkɛntɛnso a ɛwɔ code a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no so no da adi ntɛm ara.

Eyi ma nea adwumayɛfo frɛ no "nokware fibea biako" — nkyerɛkyerɛmu ahorow bɔ dwumadie ho amanneɛ, wɔdi dwumadie no ho adanseɛ tia nkyerɛkyerɛmu, na nsakraeɛ biara a ɛkɔ emu biara mu no kanyan adansedie foforɔ. Nsɛm a wɔde ma ho kyinhyia no yɛ simma, ɛnyɛ asram.

VSDD Adwumayɛ Nhyehyɛeɛ mu Nneɛma Anum

VSDD a wobɛgye atom no nhwehwɛ sɛ wobɛtow wo nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no agu koraa. Akuw dodow no ara de di dwuma sɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde kata so wɔ agile anaa iterative adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe so. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no mu paapae yɛ no akwan ahodoɔ anum a ɛma nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a ɛntwa mu firi adwumayɛ adwene so kɔ koodu a wɔde adi dwuma so.

1. Spec Authoring: Adwumayɛ mu nhwehwɛmufoɔ ne domain ho abenfoɔ ne developers yɛ adwuma bom de kyerɛw formal specifications denam structured formats so — OpenAPI ma APIs, state machine diagrams ma adwumayɛ kwan, anaa domain-specific languages (DSLs) ma business logic. Spec biara ka preconditions, postconditions, ne invariants ho.
2. Spec Review and Simulation: Ansa na wɔbɛkyerɛw code biara no, wɔyɛ specifications simulated tia wiase ankasa tebea horow. Wɔn a wɔdi dwuma no betumi "atu mmirika" spec no ahwɛ sɛnea nhyehyɛe no bɛyɛ n'ade, akyere ntease a ɛnteɛ ansa na abɛyɛ bɔne a ne bo yɛ den.
3. Wɔde Inline Verification di dwuma: Developers kyerɛw code a wɔde spec references ahyɛ mu. Nnwinnadeɛ a wɔde afiri yɛ no kɔ so hwɛ sɛ dwumadie biara, endpoint, ne data nsakraeɛ di ne spec anohyetoɔ a ɛne no hyia no ho dwuma.
4. Integration Verification: Bere a wɔreboaboa module ahorow ano no, cross-spec verification hwɛ hu sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ apam ahorow a ɛda components ntam no ni. Ɛsɛ sɛ invoicing module bi output format ne nea accounting module no spec hwɛ kwan sɛ input.
5. Continuous Spec Monitoring: Wɔ deployment akyi no, runtime monitors di adanseɛ sɛ production suban kɔ so ne specifications hyia, kyere nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia drift, data anomalies, ne third-party integration failures wɔ bere ankasa mu.

Saa loop a ɛwɔ afã anum yi hwɛ sɛ wɔremfa specifications nni dwuma da sɛ "kyerɛw pɛnkoro, wo werɛ mfi daa" nkrataa. Wɔyɛ nneɛma a nkwa wom, a wɔhome a ɛdannan wɔ codebase no nkyɛn na ɛkɔ so teɛ a wotumi di ho adanse wɔ anammɔn biara mu.

Nea enti a Amanneɛbɔ mu Sɔhwɛ Nkoaa Yɛ Tiatiaa

Adeɛ a wɔtaa kasa tia VSDD ne sɛ: "Yɛakyerɛw sɔhwɛ dedaw — so ɛno nnɔɔso?" Mmuae a ɛyɛ nokware ne dabi, na data no foa eyi so. Nhwehwɛmu a efi Microsoft Empirical Software Engineering kuw no mu no hui sɛ nnwuma a ɛwɔ 80%+ code coverage mpo taa de sintɔ ahorow a egyina specification gaps so mena — tebea horow a sɔhwɛ ahorow no twaam esiane sɛ wɔsɔɔ mfomso ade no hwɛe nti, ɛnyɛ esiane sɛ software no teɛ nti.

Atetesɛm unit ne nkabom sɔhwɛ ahorow di dwumadie suban ho adanseɛ, nanso ɛtumi hwɛ nsɛm tebea a developer no hwɛɛ kwan nko ara. Sɛ developer bi nte adwumayɛ ho mmara bi ase yiye a, wɔbɛkyerɛw code no ne sɔhwɛ no nyinaa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so — na abien no nyinaa bɛtwam. VSDD bubu saa kyinhyia yi denam nokwaredi layer a ɛde ne ho a ɛde besi hɔ no so. Domain ho abenfoɔ na wɔkyerɛw nkyerɛkyerɛmu no, ɛnyɛ developers a wɔkyerɛw implementation no, a ɛyɛ abɔdeɛ mu check-and-balance a ɛkyere misalignments ntɛm.

a wɔde ahyɛ mu

Mfomso a ɛyɛ hu sen biara wɔ nhyehyɛe biara mu no nyɛ nea ɛbɔ no — ɛyɛ nea ɛde aba a ɛnteɛ ba komm bere a sɔhwɛ biara a ɛwɔ suite no mu no twam ahabammono. Verified Spec-Driven Development wɔ hɔ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ ɛbɛkyere saa huammɔdi kuw yi, ahwɛ ahu sɛ wɔde susuw nea ɛteɛ no gyina adwumayɛ adwene so, ɛnyɛ developer nsusuwii ahorow.

na ɛkyerɛ sɛ woayɛ

Susuw akatua ho akontabuo engine a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛdi adwuma a wɔde yɛ adwuma boro so ho dwuma wɔ tumidi ahodoɔ 14 so. Ebia developer bi bɛkyerɛw sɔhwɛ ahorow a ɛfa tumidi anum a wonim no yiye no ho, na wahwere edge nsɛm a ɛwɔ akron a aka no mu. Wɔ VSDD ase no, nkyerɛkyerɛmu no bɛkan mmara ahorow 14 no nyinaa pefee, na automated verification bɛbɔ tumidi biara frankaa a enni dwumadie a ɛne no hyia — ansa na mmara no adu QA.

da

Wiase Ankasa Nkɛntɛnso: Efi Ahunmu Kɔsi Adwumayɛbea

VSDD wɔ n’adwene mu ntini wɔ nnwuma a ɛho hia ahobammɔ mu. NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory de nkyerɛkyerɛmu a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ ne nokwaredi adi dwuma mfe du du pii — wɔyɛɛ Mars Curiosity rover no autonomous navigation system no tiaa nkyerɛkyerɛmu a wɔagye atom wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so a ɛma awerɛhyem sɛ kar no renhyɛ ne ho da sɛ ɔnkɔ tebea a wontumi nnya bio mu. Airbus de akwan a ɛte saa ara di dwuma wɔ ne fly-by-wire control systems nyinaa mu, baabi a specification gap nyɛ bɔne kɛkɛ — ɛyɛ asiane a ebetumi aba.

Nanso ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no retrɛw ntɛmntɛm akɔ akyiri sen ahunmu ne ahobammɔ. Sikasɛm mfiridwuma nnwumakuw agye VSDD nnyinasosɛm ahorow atom de ahwɛ sɛ engine ahorow a wɔde di nkitaho no di mmara mu ahwehwɛde ahorow so wɔ tumidi ahorow pii mu bere koro mu. Akwahosan ho nhyehyɛe ahorow de nsɛm a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu ho adansedi di dwuma de hwɛ hu sɛ nnwinnade a ɛboa wɔ ayaresabea gyinaesi ho nkamfo nnuru a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho di nkitaho a ɛto FDA akwankyerɛ ahorow so nkyerɛ da. Na ɛrekɔ so no, modular adwumayɛ kwan a ɛwɔ nnwinnade du du pii a ɛka bom no redan akɔ VSDD so de ahwɛ cross-module nkitahodi a ɛyɛ den no so.

Wɔ Mewayz, baabi a ɛsɛ sɛ module 207 — a ɛfa CRM, invoicing, payroll, HR, fleet management, analytics, ne nea ɛkeka ho — bom yɛ adwuma a ɛnyɛ den ma nnipa bɛboro 138,000 a wɔde di dwuma no, VSDD nnyinasosɛm ahorow no bɔ platform no mfiridwuma nneyɛe ho amanneɛ tẽẽ. Sɛ update to invoicing module no tow akontaabu ntease betumi cascade akɔ akatua, akontaabu, ne nhwehwɛmu, verified specifications hwɛ hu sɛ wɔabu akontaa biara downstream dependency na wɔagye atom ansa na nsakrae no akɔ. Eyi ne sɛnea platform bi betumi ayɛ kɛse akɔ module ɔhaha pii a enni nkabom huammɔdi ahorow a ɛtaa haw adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den no.

VSDD a Wɔde bedi dwuma a Wonnoa Po no

Adwene a ɛnteɛ kɛseɛ baako a ɛfa VSDD ho ne sɛ ɛhia sɛ wɔyɛ nhyehyɛeɛ no mu nsakraeɛ koraa ne asram pii a wɔde hyehyɛ ansa na wɔde boɔ ama. Wɔ nneyɛe mu no, mmofra a wɔfa wɔn sɛ wɔn mma a edi yiye sen biara no fi ase ketewaa bi na ɛtrɛw nkakrankakra. Akuw a wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ wɔn nhyehyɛe no nyinaa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so da a edi kan no hyew a wontumi nkwati. Akuw a wɔde wɔn module a asiane kɛse wom fi ase na wɔtrɛw kɔ abɔnten no hu compounding returns.

Ɛha na pragmatic adoption strategy a ɛyɛ adwuma ma akuo a wɔn kɛseɛ te sɛ:

• Fi ase wɔ wo nkabom hye so. Nsɛntitiriw a module anaa nnwuma sesa data ne baabi a specification gaps de ɔsɛe kɛse ba. Di kan kyerɛ wo API apam ahorow no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so — abisade/mmuae nhyehyɛe, mfomso koodu, rate anohyeto, ne nokwaredi ahwehwɛde.
• Fa invariants ka wo adwumayɛ mu ntease ho. Kyerɛ mmara a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛ nokware bere nyinaa — ɛnsɛ sɛ akontaabu mu sika a aka no yɛ nea enye da, ɛnsɛ sɛ bere a wɔpaw no ka bom, ɛsɛ sɛ adwumayɛfo kyerɛwtohɔ nya tow ID a ɛfata. Encode eyinom sɛ assertions a wobetumi agye atom.
• Automate verification in CI/CD. Fa spec verification ka wo continuous integration pipeline no ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛhwɛ twetwe abisade biara a ɛne specification no hyia ansa na wɔaka abom. Wei ma feedback loop a ɛyɛ ntɛm ba a enhia sɛ developers sesa wɔn da biara da adwumayɛ.
• Ma specs yɛ adwuma bom. Fa nnwinnadeɛ a ɛma wɔn a wɔnyɛ mfiridwuma mu kyɛfafoɔ kenkan na wɔboa specifications di dwuma. Sɛ CFO no tumi hwɛ sɛ invoicing spec no ne towtua ho mmara a aba foforo no hyia a, woatoto nsonsonoe a ɛda adwumayɛ adwene ne mfiridwuma mu dwumadie ntam.

Safoa no ne sɛ wobɛfa VSDD sɛ gradient, ɛnyɛ binary. Poppy fã bi a wogye tom — a wobɛhwɛ sɛ wo adwumayɛ ho mmara a ɛho hia sen biara no ara kwa — betumi ayi nneɛma a wɔyɛ no mu sintɔ ahorow nyinaa afi hɔ. SaaS adwumakuw bi a ɛhwɛɛ ne nsɛm a ɛfa sikatua ho nkutoo ho adanse no bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔatew mmoa tekiti a ɛfa sikatua ho no so 73% wɔ afe a ɛto so abiɛsa a edi kan a wogye toom no mu.

Dwuma a AI di wɔ Awo Ntoatoaso a Edi Hɔ Nkyerɛkyerɛmu Nhwehwɛmu mu

VSDD ne artificial intelligence ntam no ne baabi a ɔkwan no daakye da. Nnwinnade a AI na ɛyɛ adwuma no afi ase reyɛ VSDD adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe no afã horow a egye adwumayɛfo kɛse no adwuma — ɛreyɛ mfitiase nkyerɛkyerɛmu ahorow afi codebases a ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw no mu, akyerɛ nkyerɛkyerɛmu mu nsonsonoe denam nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ mfomso ho kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow a wɔyɛ mu, na mpo wɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛkyerɛmu mu nsakrae a egyina ɔdefo nneyɛe nhyehyɛe a wɔahu so.

| Sɛ adeɛ sohwɛfoɔ kyerɛw sɛ "ɛsɛ sɛ adetɔfoɔ a wɔwɔ Enterprise nhyehyɛeɛ no mu no nya 15% volume discount wɔ orders a ɛboro $10,000 so," AI tooling betumi ama formal specification a ɛne no hyia, sɔhwɛ nsɛm, ne verification assertions — adan kasamu bi ayɛ no apam a wɔagye atom wɔ seconds mu sen nnɔnhwerew mu.

Platforms te sɛ Mewayz de AI automation redi dwuma wɔ wɔn adwumayɛ module ahorow nyinaa mu de saa pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ yi aba da biara da adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow mu. Sɛ adwuma bi hyehyɛ adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ — ɛde CRM data bata invoicing mmara ho kɔ akatua akontaabu so — AI-aboa nokwaredi betumi ahwehwɛ adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe no nyinaa mu na ahyɛ frankaa a ntease wom a enhyia ansa na ada adi sɛ mfomso wɔ nnwuma ankasa mu. Eyi ne VSDD nnyinasosɛm ahorow a wɔde di dwuma yiye wɔ nsenia mu: hwɛ hu sɛ adwumayɛ mu ntease a ɛyɛ den, a ɔde di dwuma no asiesie no bɛkɔ so ayɛ nea ɛteɛ bere mpo a ɛrekɔ so no.

Adwene a Ɛdi Kan a Wɔde Kyerɛkyerɛ: Amammerɛ mu Nsakraeɛ a Ɛfata sɛ Wɔyɛ

Ebia VSDD afã a wɔnkyerɛ ho anisɔ kɛse no nyɛ mfiridwuma — ɛyɛ amammerɛ. Akuw a wogye nsusuwii a edi kan a ɛfa nneɛma pɔtee ho tom no bɔ nkɔso a ɛkɔ akyiri sen sintɔ a wɔtew so koraa ho amanneɛ. Nkitahodi a ɛda mfiridwuma ne wɔn a wɔnyɛ mfiridwuma kuw no mufo ntam no tu mpɔn efisɛ nsɛm a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu ma kasa a wɔkyɛ, a emu nna hɔ. Onboarding bere so tew efisɛ developers foforo betumi akenkan specs no ate system suban ase a wɔmfa reverse-engineering codebase no. Na adansi ho gyinaesi ahorow bɛyɛ nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ efisɛ ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nsakrae a wɔyɛ wɔ nkyerɛkyerɛmu bi mu (na wɔtrɛw saa nsakrae no mu denam nokwaredi so) hyɛ akuw ahorow ma wosusuw nneɛma ho yiye ansa na wɔde nsɛm a ɛyɛ den aka ho.

Software adwuma no de mfe du du pii ayɛ nea eye ma ahoɔhare a wɔde bɛkɔ. VSDD nnyɛ brɛoo delivery — ɛdan bere a anka wɔde bedi debugging, hotfixing, ne kyɛwpa kyɛ adetɔfo kɔ upfront pefeeyɛ a ɛmma saa ɔhaw ahorow no nsiw. Wɔ nnwuma a wɔyɛ adwuma a ɛho hia wɔ asɛmpatrɛw adwuma mu wɔ module ahorow du du pii mu na wɔsom nnipa mpempem pii a wɔde di dwuma no, saa aguadi no nyɛ nea mfaso wɔ so kɛkɛ — ɛho hia. Asɛmmisa no nyɛ sɛ ebia w’ahyehyɛde no betumi atua ka agye Verified Spec-Driven Development atom anaa. Ɛyɛ sɛ ebia wobɛtumi atua ka sɛ worennyɛ.

Nsɛmmisa a Wɔtaa Bisa

Dɛn ne Nkɔsoɔ a Wɔagye atom a Wɔde Spec-Driven (VSDD)?

VSDD yɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yi adwenem naayɛ fi softwea nnwuma mu denam hwehwɛ a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔkyere biribiara, adwumayɛ ho mmara, ne adansi ho gyinaesi wɔ nkyerɛkyerɛmu a wɔagye atom mu ansa na wɔakyerɛw mmara biara. Nea ɛnte sɛ atetesɛm akwan a nsusuwii ahorow na ɛma nkɔso ba no, VSDD hwɛ hu sɛ wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ mu ne wɔn a wɔreyɛ no hyia denam specs a wɔahyehyɛ, a wobetumi asɔ ahwɛ so — ɛtew adwuma no huammɔdi dodow 69% a wɔahu wɔ nnwuma amanneɛbɔ mu no so kɛse.

Dɛn nti na softwea adwuma dodow no ara di nkogu ɛmfa ho sɛ akuw a wɔn ho akokwaw wɔ hɔ?

Nea ɛde ba titiriw no nyɛ talente anaa sikasɛm nhyehyɛe — ɛyɛ nsɛm a emu nna hɔ. Akuw ahorow kyekye nneɛma a obiara ammisa, po so hyɛn mmara a ɛne adwumayɛ ho mmara bɔ abira, na wɔde asram pii san yɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde asi nsusuwii ahorow a wontumi nnye ho adanse so no foforo. VSDD di eyi ho dwuma denam nsɛm a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu a ɛma ɛyɛ nokware fibea biako so, hwɛ hu sɛ obiara a ɔde ne ho hyɛ mu no pene nea wɔresi no so ansa na nkɔso afi ase, na esiw nsɛso a ɛho ka yɛ den ne nea ɛkɔ so wɔ adwuma no asetra mu nyinaa ano.

Sɛ wɔde VSDD toto Agile anaa Waterfall akwan ho sɛn?

Bere a Agile si iterative delivery so dua na Waterfall di rigid sequential phases akyi no, abien no nyinaa taa hu amane wɔ specification gaps ho. VSDD boa saa nhyehyeɛ yi denam verification layer a ɛde ka ho — wɔgye specs di dwuma tia adwumayɛ ahwehwɛdeɛ ansa na wɔahyɛn nkɔsoɔ kyinhyia biara mu. Wei kyerε sε woyε adwuma wכ sprints anaa phases mu no, adwuma biara di akyire kɔ ahwehwɛdeε bi a wɔasi so dua, a emu nna hɔ a wɔn a wɔdi dwuma no apene so pefee.

So wobetumi de VSDD adi dwuma wɔ akuw a wɔde platform ahorow te sɛ Mewayz di dwuma no mu?

Ɛyɛ saa koraa. Platforms te sɛ Mewayz, 207-module adwumayɛ OS a efi ase fi $19/mo, de adwumayɛ, automation, ne adwuma no sohwɛ ahyɛ mfinimfini dedaw. VSDD nnyinasosɛm a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ nnwinnade a ɛte saa mu no hwɛ hu sɛ wɔde adwumayɛ nhyehyɛe biara, nkabom, ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ adwuma so no fi nsɛm a wɔagye atom mu — ɛtew adwuma a wɔsan yɛ so na ɛboa akuw ma wɔde nhyehyɛe a wotumi de ho to so mena ntɛmntɛm wɔ wɔn adwumayɛ stack nyinaa so.