D Dwumadie Kasa: Nnɛyi Nhyehyɛeɛ Kasa a Wɔasi ama Adwumayɛ

D programming kasa yɛ systems programming kasa a ɛkorɔn, statically typed systems programming kasa a ɛka C tumi ne adwumayɛ bom ne nnɛyi software engineering nnyinasosɛm ahorow. Walter Bright na ɔyɛɛ no na wɔdii kan yii no adi wɔ afe 2001 mu, D ma developers kwan foforɔ a ɛyɛ den a wɔbɛfa so ayɛ application a ɛyɛ adwuma yie a wɔmfa mmara mu pefeeyɛ anaa developer adwumayɛ mmɔ afɔre.

Dɛn Ne D Programming Language na Dɛn Nti na Wɔbɔɔ no?

Wɔwoo D esiane abasamtu a na ɔwɔ wɔ C++ a ɛyɛ den ho nti. Walter Bright, a ɔyɛɛ native C++ compiler a edi kan no, yɛɛ kasa bi a ɛbɛkora raw system-level adwumayɛ so bere a eyi nsɛnnennen a ɛho nhia fi hɔ ho mfonini wɔ n’adwenem. D nnyɛ kasa baako biara mu deɛ ɛfiri mu — ɛyɛ asase so nhyehyɛɛ foforɔ a ɛgye nhyɛsoɔ firi C, C++, Java, Python, ne Ruby.

Wɔ ne titiriw mu no, D yɛ kasa a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛwɔ nwura a wɔboaboa ano a wobetumi apaw, nkyerɛwee a emu yɛ den, ne mmoa a wɔde ahyɛ mu ma metaprogramming. Ɛde n’ani si adwumayɛ tier koro no ara so sɛ C ne C++ bere a ɛde syntax a ɛho tew kɛse ne standard nhomakorabea a ɛyɛ adefo a wonim no sɛ Phobos.

a wɔde ahyɛ mu

"D ne nea anka ɛsɛ sɛ C++ yɛ — ɛfa adwene a eye sen biara fi nhwɛso ahorow pii mu na ɛka bom yɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛne ne ho hyia, a mfaso wɔ so ma wiase ankasa softwea nkɔso."

Dɛn ne Nneɛma Titiriw a Ɛma D Da nsow?

D di gyinabea soronko wɔ nhyehyeɛ asase no mu denam nhyehyeɛ nhwɛsoɔ ahodoɔ pii a ɛboa wɔ berɛ korɔ mu no so. Sɛ́ ebia wopɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛho hia, nea ɛfa nneɛma ho, ɛyɛ adwuma, anaa nea ɛfa biribiara ho no, D gye wo su no tom a ɛnhyɛ wo ma wokɔ nhwɛso biako mu.

• Templates and Compile-Time Function Execution (CTFE): Wɔbu D template nhyehyɛe no kɛse sɛ ɛda nsɛm adi na wotumi kenkan sen C++ deɛ, na ɛma metaprogramming a tumi wom a enni cryptic syntax tumi yɛ adwuma.
• Memory Safety with @safe Annotations: D ma developers kwan ma wɔhyɛ dwumadie agyiraeɛ sɛ @safe, siw memory dwumadie a ahobanbɔ nni mu wɔ compile berɛ mu — anammɔn titire a ɛkɔ secure systems code.
• Bilt-in Unit Testing: D ka ho ne native support ma unit tests tẽẽ wɔ source files mu, na ɛma test-driven development yɛ kasa no ɔman ba a odi kan sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ akyi adwene.
• Ranges ne Functional Pipelines: D range-based algorithms ma data processing pipelines a ɛho tew, a wotumi hyehyɛ a ɛte sɛ kasa a ɛyɛ adwuma, ɛtew boilerplate so na ɛma akenkan tu mpɔn.
• Seamless C Interoperability: Nea ɛnte sɛ nnɛyi kasa pii no, D tumi ne C nhomakorabea ahorow di nkitaho tẽẽ a enni bindings anaa wrapper layers, na ɛma developers nya kwan ntɛm ara kɔ C ecosystem kɛse no so.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na D de toto C++ ne Rust ho wɔ Nnɛyi Nkɔsoɔ mu?

Nhyehyɛeɛ nhyehyɛeɛ atenaeɛ no reyɛ akansiɛ kɛseɛ, a Rust anya ahoɔden kɛseɛ ama memory-safe low-level code na C++ da so ara di tumi wɔ agyapadeɛ ne agodie nkɔsoɔ mu. D te saa nnua abien yi ntam wɔ akwan a ɛyɛ anigye so.

Sɛ wɔde toto C++ ho a, D de template syntax a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse, nwura a wɔboaboa ano a wɔasisi mu (a nsaano tumi wɔ hɔ), ne module nhyehyɛe a wotumi kenkan kɛse ma. Mmere a wɔde boaboa ano wɔ D mu nso yɛ ntɛmntɛm kɛse sen C++ adan a wɔtaa yɛ, a ɛho hia kɛse wɔ nnwuma akɛse mu.

Sɛ wode toto Rust ho a, D sesa Rust bosea checker a ɛyɛ katee no de nya memory model a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse. Wei ma D yɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobesua na ɛyɛ ntɛm sɛ wɔbɛyɛ prototype, ɛwom sɛ Rust de compile-time guarantees a emu yɛ den ma wɔ memory ahobammɔ ho. Wɔ akuw a wohia nhyehyɛe-gyinabea adwumayɛ a enni Rust adesua kwan a ɛso yɛ toro no fam no, D de mfinimfini kwan a ɛyɛ anigye ankasa ma.

D nso boa inline assembler, SIMD intrinsics, ne low-level pointer manipulation — tumi a ɛho hia ma OS nkɔsoɔ, agodie engine, nyansahu kɔmputa, ne embedded systems programming.

Nnwuma ne Dwumadie Bɛn na Ɛnya Mfasoɔ Kɛseɛ firi D Kasa no mu?

D adwumayɛ ho nsɛm ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu type nhyehyɛe no ma ɛfata yiye titiriw ma domains a throughput ne developer velocity nyinaa ho hia. Game engine nkɔso nya mfaso fi D's compile-time reflection ne zero-overhead abstractions. Nyansahu mu kɔmputa akuo ani sɔ D akontabuo nwomakorabea ne nnoɔma a wɔboaboa ano ntɛmntɛm ma nhwehwɛmu adwumayɛ a wɔsan yɛ no.

Wɛb nkɔsoɔ nso nam nhyehyɛeɛ te sɛ Vibe.d so tumi yɛ yie, a ɛma asynchronous I/O ne HTTP server tumi a ɛne Node.js di akan — berɛ a ɛde raw throughput a ɛyɛ papa kɛseɛ ma CPU-intensive request handling.

Systems tooling, compilers, parsers, ne data processing pipelines gyina hɔ ma abɔdeɛ mu fits foforɔ. D compiler no ankasa (DMD, LDC, ne GDC) kyerɛ sɛnea kasa no tumi yɛ adwinnade softwea a ɛyɛ nwonwa.

Dɛn ne D Programming Language Daakye?

D Kasa Fapem, ahyehyɛdeɛ a ɛnyɛ adwuma a wɔde hwehwɛ mfasoɔ a ɛde ne ho ahyɛ kasa sohwɛ a ɛbɛkyɛ mu na ɛde D nkɔsoɔ ba. Mpɔtam hɔfoɔ ayɛ adwuma denneennen sɛ wɔbɛma kasa no abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom, nkrataa, ne nnwinnadeɛ atu mpɔn — mmeaeɛ a abakɔsɛm mu no, ɛkaa ne mfiridwuma mu mfasoɔ akyi.

DIP (D Improvement Proposal) nhyehyeɛ no de nnisoɔ a wɔahyehyɛ aba kasa mu nkɔsoɔ mu, a ɛdi nsɛm a ɛhaw adwene a ɛfa kasa a ɛgyina pintinn ho a kan no na ɛsiw nnwumakuo a wɔgye tom no kwan. Nkɔsoɔ a aba wɔ package manager DUB mu, IDE nkabom a ɛyɛ papa, ne nnwuma te sɛ -preview=dip1000 ma memory ahobanbɔ a ɛyɛ den no kyerɛ sɛ ecosystem a ɛrenyin a wɔasiesie ama sɛ wɔbɛgye atom wɔ ɔkwan a ɛtrɛ so.

Bere a softwea nhyehyɛe ahorow no reyɛ den na mfomso ho ka kɔ soro no, kasa ahorow a ɛde bere a wɔaboaboa ano ho bɔhyɛ a emu yɛ den, adwumayɛ a ɛkyɛn so, ne abstractions a ɛda adi ma no ho hia kɛse. D saa su ahorow yi a wɔaka abom no de no si hɔ yiye ma ɛkɔ so nya mfaso wɔ nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe, kɔmputa a ɛyɛ adwuma yiye, ne nnwinnade nkɔso mu.

Nsɛmmisa a Wɔtaa Bisa

So wɔda so ara hwɛ D programming kasa no so denneennen?

Yiw, D yɛ D Kasa Fapem no na ɛhwɛ so denneennen a ɛwɔ compiler a wɔayi no adi daa ma DMD (reference compiler), LDC (LLVM-based, excellent optimization), ne GDC (GCC backend). Kasa no nya nsɛm foforo a ɛkɔ so, na mpɔtam hɔfo kɔ so yɛ nnam wɔ nhyiam ahorow, GitHub, ne Discord akwan a wɔde ama D nkɔso.

So D programming kasa ye ma wɔn a wɔrefi ase?

D yɛ nea wotumi bɛn no sen C++ ma wɔn a wɔrefi ase a wɔn ani gye nhyehyɛe nhyehyɛe ho, esiane nsɛmfua nhyehyɛe a ɛho tew, sɔhwɛ a wɔasisi, ne mfomso nkrasɛm a eye nti. Nanso, wɔtaa nkamfo kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ kasa a edi kan sɛ wɔde toto Python anaa JavaScript ho a. Developers a wɔwɔ programming background bi a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔbɛn dade no behu sɛ D adesua curve no yɛ nea wotumi di ho dwuma na mfaso wɔ so.

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahyɛ D programming kasa no ase?

Wobɛtumi atwe D compiler ne toolchain no wɔ dlang.org. Ɔman akwantuo a ɛwɔ tour.dlang.org no de nnianim asɛm a egyina browser so a ɛfa nkitahodi ho ma. Wɔ package management ho no, DUB di dependencies ho dwuma te sɛ npm anaa cargo. Kood editor akɛse dodow no ara a VS Code, Vim, ne Emacs ka ho wɔ D kasa plugins a ɛwɔ hɔ ma syntax a wɔasi so dua, wie, ne debugging mmoa.

Nnɛyi softwea adwuma a wobɛhwɛ so — sɛ́ worekyekye wɔ D, Python, Rust, anaa kasa foforo biara mu — hwehwɛ pii sen koodu pa ara kwa. Wohia nnwinnade a wode bedi wo kuw, w’afɛfo, adwumayɛ, ne nkɔso ho dwuma wɔ beae biako. Mewayz yɛ adwumayɛ dwumadie nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛwɔ ne nyinaa mu a nnipa bɛboro 138,000 gye di, a ɛde module 207 a wɔaka abom ma de ma w’adwuma no nyinaa yɛ mmerɛ — ɛfiri afɛfoɔ sohwɛ so kɔsi nhwehwɛmu so kɔsi sikatua so — ɛfiri $19/ɔsram pɛ.

Fi ase wo sɔhwɛ a wontua hwee wɔ app.mewayz.com na hwehwɛ sɛnea Mewayz betumi ama wo nkɔso adwuma no adwumayɛ fã no ahoɔden bere a wode w’adwene si softwea akɛse a wobɛkyekye so.