Lisp-style C++ template meta programming

Rudzi Rwakasiyana rweMashiripiti eCompiler: Lisp-Style C++ Template Metaprogramming

Munzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudzwa kwesoftware, C++ ine mukurumbira nekuda kwesimba rayo uye kuita kwayo. Asi, yakavharirwa mukati meiyo yakaoma kuunganidza maitiro kune paradigm inonzwa senge isiriyo: template metaprogramming (TMP). Kana yatorwa kune yayo inonzwisisika yakanyanyisa, C ++ TMP inotanga kuita senge unoshanda hurongwa hwemutauro uri wega, iyo inoita zvachose panguva yekuunganidza-nguva. Kufanana neLisp, imwe yemitauro yekare uye ine simba kwazvo yekuronga, inoshamisa uye yakadzama. Iyi nzira inobvumira vanogadzira kuburitsa yakaoma computations uye logic kubva panguva yekumhanya kusvika kuunganidza-nguva, kugadzira yakanyanya kushanda uye mhando-yakachengeteka kodhi. Kunzwisisa nzira iyi yeLisp-style ndiyo kiyi yekuvhura nhanho nyowani yekubvisa, musimboti watinokoshesa zvakanyanya paMewayz kana tichigadzira yakasimba, modular bhizinesi masisitimu.

Mutauro Wekuita Netsaona Mukati meC++

Matemplate eC++ akagadzirwa pakutanga kuti ashandure mhando, sekugadzira `Rondedzero` kana `Rondedzero`. Nekudaro, iyo C ++ chiyero, mukutsvaga kwayo zvakajairika, netsaona yakagadzira Turing-yakazara sub-mutauro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ne theoretically, chero computation inogona kuitwa nechirongwa inogonawo kuitwa neC ++ compiler panguva ye template instantiation process. Kuwanikwa kweichi kugona kwakatungamira mukuzvarwa kwetemplate metaprogramming. Zvakaonekwa kuti nekushandisa template specialization, recursion, uye template paramita, munhu anogona kunyora zvirongwa izvo compiler anoita uchivaka application yako. Iyi yekuunganidza-nguva "mutauro" haina vhezheni mupfungwa yechinyakare; mamiriro ayo akaiswa mumatemplate paramita pachawo, uye zvimiro zvayo zvekutonga zvinobva pakudzokororwa uye kuunganidzwa kwezvimiso.

Kumbundira Inoshanda, Lisp-seMindset

Kunyora zvinobudirira template metaprograms, munhu anofanira kutora inoshanda programming mindset, senge Lisp programmer. Iko hakuna inochinjika mamiriro kana zvishwe mune yekare pfungwa. Pane kudaro, zvese zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekudzokororwa uye nekugadzirisa kwemhando uye kuunganidza-nguva zvinoramba. Chimbofunga muenzaniso wakapfava: kuverenga factorial. MuLisp, unogona kushandisa recursive basa. MuC++ TMP, maitiro akafanana, asi anoshanda nemhando nehunhu.

• Immutable Data: Sezvakaita Lisp, data muTMP haishanduki. Kamwe template parameter yaiswa, haigone kuchinjwa; unogona chete kugadzira "zviitiko" zvitsva zvine ma parameter akasiyana.
• Recursion as Iteration: Sezvo pasina `for` kana `while` looops, recursion ndiyo nzira huru yekudzokorora maoperation. Templeti inozvidaidza neyakagadziridzwa parameter kusvika base kesi (kuburikidza nehunyanzvi hwetemplate) yasvikwa.
• Manipulating Types, Not Just Values: Chinhu chakanyanya kusimba cheTMP kugona kwayo kusanganisa nemhando. Unogona kugadzira mazita emhando, tarisa mhando yezvivakwa, uye sarudza mhando zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, zvichiita kuti simba regeneric programming techniques.

Iyi paradigm inomanikidza imwe nzira yekufunga, iyo inoisa pamberi pechirevo chekuzivisa pane nhanho dzinokosha, zvinotungamira kune yakasimba uye isingaite zvikanganiso.

"Template metaprogramming inonyanya kushandiswa kwemutauro wakabatanidzwa mukati meC ++. Icho chinhu chine simba, asi chinoda kufunga nezvezvirongwa nenzira yakasiyana-nzira inowanzova isina kujeka uye yemasvomhu." - A C ++ Standards Committee Member

Kushanda Zvishandiso muModular System

Nepo iyo factorial muenzaniso iri yedzidzo, iro chairo simba reLisp-style TMP rinopenya mumashandisirwo anoshanda anobatsira kubva zero-runtime-overhead abstractions. Semuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira yakanyanya optimized data zvimiro zvakanangana nerudzi rwakapihwa, kusimbisa magadzirirwo akaomarara panguva yekuunganidza-nguva, kana kuita akaomesesa edhizaini mapatani sePolisi-Yakavakirwa Dhizaini. Muchirevo chepuratifomu senge Mewayz, ine chinangwa chekuve modular bhizinesi OS, matekiniki aya akakosha. Ivo vanotitendera kuti tivake epakati zvikamu izvo zvese zviri zviviri zvinochinjika uye zvinonyanya kushanda. A module's API inogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa TMP kusimbisa bhizinesi mitemo uye hukama hwedata padanho remhando, kubata zvingangove zvisirizvo nguva refu software isati yaiswa. Iyi chengetedzo yenguva-yakaunganidzwa yakakosha pakuvaka masisitimu akavimbika, anogona scalable ayo mabhizinesi anovimba nawo.

Kushanduka uye Ramangwana rine `constexpr`

Kutanga C++ TMP yaiwanzoshoropodzwa nekuda kweiyo cryptic syntax uye kunonoka kuunganidza nguva. Nekuona izvi, iyo C ++ zviyero komiti kubvira yakaunza mamwe ekuvandudza-inoshamwaridzika kuunganidza-nguva maficha, kunyanya `constexpr` uye, nguva pfupi yadarika, `consteval`. Aya maficha anobvumira akawanda computations aimboda akaomarara template matiki kuti anyorwe uchishandisa akajairwa, anodiwa C ++ syntax inoita panguva yekuunganidza-nguva. Nekudaro, iyo Lisp-maitiro TMP maitiro anoramba akakodzera kune mhando-based computations uye mamiriro anoda iyo yakakosha kutonga pamusoro peiyo template instantiation maitiro. Vagadziri veC++ vemazuva ano vave nenhamba yezvishandiso, kubva kuTMP yechinyakare kuenda ku `constexpr` mabasa, zvinovabvumira kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera chebasa racho uye kunyora zvakachena, zvirongwa zvinogoneka.

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Rudzi Rwakasiyana rweCompiler Mashiripiti: Lisp-Style C++ Template Metaprogramming

Munzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudzwa kwesoftware, C++ ine mukurumbira nekuda kwesimba rayo uye kuita kwayo. Asi, yakavharirwa mukati meiyo yakaoma kuunganidza maitiro kune paradigm inonzwa senge isiriyo: template metaprogramming (TMP). Kana yatorwa kune yayo inonzwisisika yakanyanyisa, C ++ TMP inotanga kuita senge unoshanda hurongwa hwemutauro uri wega, iyo inoita zvachose panguva yekuunganidza-nguva. Kufanana neLisp, imwe yemitauro yekare uye ine simba kwazvo yekuronga, inoshamisa uye yakadzama. Iyi nzira inobvumira vanogadzira kuburitsa yakaoma computations uye logic kubva panguva yekumhanya kusvika kuunganidza-nguva, kugadzira yakanyanya kushanda uye mhando-yakachengeteka kodhi. Kunzwisisa nzira iyi yeLisp-style ndiyo kiyi yekuvhura nhanho nyowani yekubvisa, musimboti watinokoshesa zvakanyanya paMewayz kana tichigadzira yakasimba, modular bhizinesi masisitimu.

Mutauro Wekuita Netsaona Mukati meC++

C++ zvidhori zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvive nyore kutsiva mhando, sekugadzira `Rondedzero` kana `Rondedzero`. Nekudaro, iyo C ++ chiyero, mukutsvaga kwayo zvakajairika, netsaona yakagadzira Turing-yakazara sub-mutauro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ne theoretically, chero computation inogona kuitwa nechirongwa inogonawo kuitwa neC ++ compiler panguva ye template instantiation process. Kuwanikwa kweichi kugona kwakatungamira mukuzvarwa kwetemplate metaprogramming. Zvakaonekwa kuti nekushandisa template specialization, recursion, uye template paramita, munhu anogona kunyora zvirongwa izvo compiler anoita uchivaka application yako. Iyi yekuunganidza-nguva "mutauro" haina vhezheni mupfungwa yechinyakare; mamiriro ayo akaiswa mumatemplate paramita pachawo, uye zvimiro zvayo zvekutonga zvinobva pakudzokororwa uye kuunganidzwa kwezvimiso.

Kumbundira Inoshanda, Lisp-seMindset

Kunyora zvinobudirira template metaprograms, munhu anofanira kutora inoshanda programming mindset, senge Lisp programmer. Iko hakuna inochinjika mamiriro kana zvishwe mune yekare pfungwa. Pane kudaro, zvese zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekudzokororwa uye nekugadzirisa kwemhando uye kuunganidza-nguva zvinoramba. Chimbofunga muenzaniso wakapfava: kuverenga factorial. MuLisp, unogona kushandisa recursive basa. MuC++ TMP, maitiro akafanana, asi anoshanda nemhando nehunhu.

Kushanda Zvishandiso muModular System

Nepo iyo factorial muenzaniso iri yedzidzo, iro chairo simba reLisp-style TMP rinopenya mumashandisirwo anoshanda anobatsira kubva zero-runtime-overhead abstractions. Semuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira yakanyanya optimized data zvimiro zvakanangana nerudzi rwakapihwa, kusimbisa magadzirirwo akaomarara panguva yekuunganidza-nguva, kana kuita akaomesesa edhizaini mapatani sePolisi-Yakavakirwa Dhizaini. Muchirevo chepuratifomu senge Mewayz, ine chinangwa chekuve modular bhizinesi OS, matekiniki aya akakosha. Ivo vanotitendera kuti tivake epakati zvikamu izvo zvese zviri zviviri zvinochinjika uye zvinonyanya kushanda. A module's API inogona kugadzirwa uchishandisa TMP kusimbisa bhizinesi mitemo uye hukama hwedata padanho remhando, kubata zvingangove zvisirizvo nguva refu software isati yaiswa. Iyi chengetedzo yenguva-yakaunganidzwa yakakosha pakuvaka masisitimu akavimbika, anogona scalable ayo mabhizinesi anovimba nawo.

Kushanduka uye Ramangwana rine `constexpr`

Kutanga C++ TMP yaiwanzoshoropodzwa nekuda kweiyo cryptic syntax uye kunonoka kuunganidza nguva. Nekuona izvi, iyo C ++ zviyero komiti kubvira yakaunza mamwe ekuvandudza-inoshamwaridzika kuunganidza-nguva maficha, kunyanya `constexpr` uye, nguva pfupi yadarika, `consteval`. Aya maficha anobvumira akawanda computations aimboda akaomarara template matiki kuti anyorwe uchishandisa akajairwa, anodiwa C ++ syntax inoita panguva yekuunganidza-nguva. Nekudaro, iyo Lisp-maitiro TMP maitiro anoramba akakodzera kune mhando-based computations uye mamiriro anoda iyo yakakosha kutonga pamusoro peiyo template instantiation maitiro. Vagadziri veC++ vemazuva ano vave nenhamba yezvishandiso, kubva kuTMP yechinyakare kuenda ku `constexpr` mabasa, zvinovabvumira kusarudza chishandiso chakakodzera chebasa racho uye kunyora zvakachena, zvirongwa zvinogoneka.

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