Inzira eshatu Cashe Hagati yo Guhitamo na Disiki

> Gusobanukirwa nizi nzego ni itandukaniro riri hagati yubucuruzi bupima bitagoranye kandi bufata munsi yumutwaro nyawo.

Bigenda bite Akanya Ikibazo GITORANYE Kureka gusaba kwawe?

Mugihe porogaramu yawe yohereje ikibazo GUTORANYA ikibazo, cyinjira mumuyoboro abaterankunga benshi batigera bagenzura. Moteri yububiko irahagarika icyifuzo mbere yuko I / O ibaho, igereranya SQL muri gahunda yo gukora imbere hanyuma igahita igisha umurongo wambere wo kwirwanaho: ikibazo cyibisubizo cache. Niba ikibazo kimwe gifite ibipimo bimwe cyakozwe vuba aha, moteri irashobora gusubiza ibisubizo byashizweho bitiriwe bikora kumpapuro imwe yamakuru. Ibi rimwe na rimwe byitwa ikibazo cache cyangwa ibisubizo cache, no kubisomwa cyane, byanditse bike byakazi - nka analytike ya disikuru hamwe na raporo zerekana - birashobora gukuraho umubare munini wa disiki yasomwe rwose.

Ubushishozi bukomeye hano nuko ikibazo cache yunvikana cyane kumihindagurikire yamakuru. Icyo ari cyo cyose INSERT , Niyo mpamvu sisitemu yo kwandika-iremereye sisitemu yo guhagarika akenshi ihagarika ikibazo cache rwose kandi ikishingikiriza kumurongo wimbitse aho.

Ikidendezi cya Buffer ni iki kandi ni ukubera iki gifite akamaro kuruta uko ubitekereza?

Igice cya kabiri cache - kandi twavuga ko ari ingenzi cyane muri sisitemu yo gukora - ni pisine ya pisine (bita buffer isangiwe muri PostgreSQL, pisine ya InnoDB muri MySQL). Aka ni akarere ka RAM moteri yububiko ikoresha kugirango ifate impapuro zamakuru vuba. Iyo ikibazo kidashobora gutangwa uhereye kubisubizo cache, moteri igenzura niba impapuro zamakuru zisabwa zisanzwe ziba muri pisine mbere yo gutanga disiki iyo ari yo yose yasomwe.

Ikidendezi cya buffer gikora ku ihame ry’ahantu h’agateganyo n’ahantu hatandukanye: amakuru yinjiye vuba aha arashobora kongera kuboneka, kandi amakuru abitswe hafi yamakuru ashobora kuboneka vuba. Abashinzwe Ububikoshingiro bahuza ingano ya pisine nka kimwe mu byemezo byo hejuru-bifata ibyemezo bafata. Ikidendezi gito ni gito cyane gitera page guhora yirukanwa, bikabyara ibintu byitwa gukubita , aho sisitemu imara igihe kinini cyo gucunga cache kubura kuruta gukora ibibazo.

Ubushishozi bwibanze: Mubikorwa byinshi bya OLTP, pisine nini nini isobanura 95-99% yamakuru yose yasomwe atangwa kuva RAM. Igikorwa cyo gukora - igice cyamakuru yawe yibibazo bikora kenshi - akenshi ni bito cyane kuruta ubunini bwububiko. Kuringaniza pisine yawe kugirango ihuze nakazi kawe, ntabwo ari dataset yawe yose, nigikorwa kimwe cyo kugaruka cyane kugikorwa ushobora gufata.

Nigute Cache ya sisitemu ikora yuzuza icyuho kiri hagati ya RAM na disiki?

Ndetse iyo data base yonyine ya pisine yabuze, ikibazo ntikirateganijwe kugirango disiki isomwe. Sisitemu y'imikorere ikora page cache (nanone yitwa cache ya sisitemu), akarere ka RAM ikoreshwa na kernel buffers isoma kandi yandika kugirango ibuze ibikoresho. Iyo moteri yububiko isaba page idahari muri pisine yayo, kernel ya OS igenzura page yayo cache mbere yo gutanga itegeko ryumubiri I / O kububiko.

Iki cyiciro cya gatatu ntikigaragara cyane kubateza imbere porogaramu ariko ni ingenzi cyane kuri sisitemu aho ububiko bwububiko bwuzuye butangwa. Ipaji ya paji ya OS isangiwe mubikorwa byose, bityo irushanwa na seriveri yawe ya porogaramu, seriveri y'urubuga, hamwe na porogaramu iyo ari yo yose ikorera kuri host imwe. Kuri seriveri yihariye yabugenewe, iri rushanwa ni rito, kandi OS cache itanga ibisobanuro bya kabiri-byamahirwe. Kuri hosties cyangwa kontineri zifite imipaka ntarengwa yo kwibuka, OS cache ni nto cyane kugirango ifashe.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwa Cache bufite inshingano zo gutsinda cyane mubikorwa?

Muri sisitemu nyayo-yumusaruro, pisine ya buffer yiganjemo umusaruro mubikorwa byinshi. Dore impanvu buri cyiciro gitanga umusanzu muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha:

• Ubusa kumyandikire iremereye.
• Ububikoshingiro bwububiko bwa pisine: Umurimo wakazi rusange. Buri musaruro wububiko bwa seriveri ugomba kubanza gukurikiranwa hano. Gukemura byombi uburyo butunguranye kandi bukurikiranye neza.
• OS page ya cache: Itanga urushundura rwumutekano mugihe pisine ya buffer idashyizwe munsi. Ifasha kandi cyane mugihe cyo gukurikiranya kumeza manini yakwirukana impapuro zishyushye muri pisine.
Ibi birinda kuramba utitanze kwandika ibyinjira byishyurwa nubukererwe bwa fsync.

Nigute Amahuriro yubucuruzi agezweho ashobora gukoresha ubwubatsi bwa Cache kugirango yizere kwizerwa?

Kubucuruzi bukora muburyo bwinshi bukora - CRM, imicungire yimishinga, e-ubucuruzi, isesengura - ubwubatsi bwa cache bugena neza uburyo bwo kwitabira ibikorwa uko amakipe akura. Ihuriro ryubatswe kuri cache stratégies nziza irashobora gukorera ibihumbi icumi byabakoresha icyarimwe badafite igiciro cyibikorwa remezo. Urufunguzo ni ugushushanya uburyo bwo kubona amakuru yubahiriza imipaka ya cache: kubika amakuru ashyushye ntoya no kugereranya uburyo bwo guhanura, ukoresheje ibisomwa bisomwa kugirango ugabanye umutwaro wa pisine, kandi ushireho cache-layer cache nka Redis imbere yububiko kugirango impera zamakuru zitanga amakuru amwe kubakoresha icyarimwe icyarimwe.

Mewayz yubatswe hamwe niyi filozofiya mubitekerezo. Hamwe na 207 ihuriweho nubucuruzi ikoresha abakoresha barenga 138.000, urwego rwamakuru rwurubuga rwarateguwe kuburyo umubare munini wabasomyi utangwa uhereye kuri cache - kugumya igihe cyo gusubiza byihuse hamwe nigiciro cyibikorwa remezo uteganya niba ukoresha gahunda yo gutangiza $ 19 / ukwezi cyangwa urwego rwumwuga $ 49 / ukwezi.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

Ese guhagarika ikibazo cache burigihe bitezimbere imikorere yububiko?

Ntabwo buri gihe, ariko kubwanditse-buremereye akazi kenshi mubisanzwe. Ikibazo cache gisaba mutex kwisi yose kugirango ikomeze guhuzagurika, ihinduka icyuho mugihe kinini. MySQL 8.0 yakuyeho cache yibibazo rwose kubwiyi mpamvu. PostgreSQL ntabwo yigeze ishyira mubikorwa ikibazo cyubatswe, gishingiye aho kuri pisine na progaramu-cashe. Niba igipimo cyawe cyo gusoma-kwandika kiri hejuru kandi ibibazo byawe bigasubirwamo cyane, cache yibibazo irashobora gutanga inyungu nyazo - bitabaye ibyo, shora imbaraga zoguhuza muri pisine.

Nabwirwa n'iki ko pisine yanjye ifite ubunini buke?

Kurikirana igipimo cya buffer yawe: ijanisha ryibisabwa byapapuro byatanzwe kuva muri pisine nibisaba disiki yasomwe. Ikigereranyo cya hit kiri munsi ya 95% kumurimo wa OLTP nikimenyetso cyo kongera ubunini bwa pisine. Muri MySQL, ikibazo SHAKA ENGINE INNODB STATUS hanyuma urebe igipimo cya pisine. Muri PostgreSQL, pg_statio_user_tables reba yerekana ibirundo byasomwe muri disiki hamwe na serivise ziva muri pisine. Intego yo gukomeza ibikorwa byawe byose - ntabwo ari dataset yawe yuzuye - utuye muri RAM.

Ni irihe sano riri hagati ya cache layer na SaaS ikodeshwa na benshi?

" Abapangayi-bazi neza porogaramu hamwe na TTL ishingiye ku gutesha agaciro bituma buri muntu ukodesha amakuru ashyushye muri Redis, bigabanya cyane umuvuduko wa pisine ya konte nini. Ububikoshingiro-urwego rwihuza ruhujwe hamwe na pisine ishyushye yemeza ko ibikorwa biturika kuri konte iyo ari yo yose bidasohora impapuro zisangiwe kuri cache kandi bigatera umuvuduko ukabije kurubuga.

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Cache layer ntabwo ari data base - ni umusingi wububiko utandukanya urubuga ruguma rwihuta kurwego rusaba guhora ibikorwa remezo byo kuzimya umuriro. Niba wubaka cyangwa ukora ubucuruzi bukeneye urubuga rumaze gutezimbere kuri ibi bintu, shakisha Mewayz kuri app.mewayz.com - 207 modules, urubuga rumwe, rwubatswe kugirango rukore neza uhereye kumukoresha wawe wa mbere kugeza ku bihumbi ijana.