Lil 'Kwinezeza Ururimi' Guts

Ariko "lil 'kwinezeza" ntabwo bigarukira kumyitozo yuburezi. Indimi zihariye zikoresha imbaraga mubikoresho byubucuruzi bikora neza kumasoko. Igihe cyose wanditse formulaire kurupapuro rusobanutse, usobanure itegeko ryo kuyungurura umukiriya wawe wa imeri, cyangwa ugena ibikorwa byikora byikora murubuga nka Mewayz , urimo ukorana nururimi ruto, rwubatswe. Module 207 imbere muri Mewayz - izenguruka CRM, inyemezabuguzi, HR, imicungire yimodoka, nibindi byinshi - bishingira moteri yimbere yimbere hamwe na pariseri zerekana imvugo, muribanze, indimi nto zagenewe guha abakoresha imbaraga badakeneye impamyabumenyi ya mudasobwa.

Gusobanukirwa anatomiya yizi ndimi byerekana impamvu ibikoresho bimwe byunvikana mugihe abandi bumva bashaka kurwana nigitabo cyanditse murundi rwego.

Inkoranyamagambo: Kumena Amagambo muri Atome

Ururimi rwose, nubwo rwaba ruto, rutangirana nintambwe imwe yibanze: isesengura ryamagambo, cyangwa "amagambo." Inkoranyamagambo ifata umugozi muto winyuguti - ikintu nka igiteranyo = igiciro * ingano + umusoro - ikagicamo ibice bisobanutse byitwa ibimenyetso. Inkoranyamagambo ntabwo yitaye kubisobanuro. Gusa iragaragaza ko yose ari ikiranga, = numukoresha, umukoro igiciro nikindi kimenyetso, * ni kugwira, nibindi.

Kubaka inkoranyamagambo y'ururimi ruto biratangaje. Mugihe kitarenze imirongo 100 ya code, urashobora kwigisha progaramu yo kumenya imibare, imirongo, ijambo ryibanze, nabakoresha. Ubworoherane ni ingingo - iguhatira gutekereza kubyo byibuze byibuze "amagambo" ururimi rwawe rukeneye. Iki gitekerezo kimwe kirakoreshwa mugushushanya ibikoresho-bireba abakoresha. Iyo moteri ya Mewayz ituma ureka nyir'ubucuruzi buciriritse ashyiraho itegeko nka "mugihe inyemezabuguzi yarengeje iminsi 7, ohereza imeri yibutsa," sisitemu irimo gucecekesha iryo tegeko mubimenyetso byubaka bishobora gukora. Imigaragarire myiza yumva idafite imbaraga mubyukuri kuko umuntu yatekereje cyane kubijyanye nuduce duto duto twingirakamaro kubakoresha bagamije.

Parsing: Guhindura Tokens ya Flat mubiti bizima

Iyo ufite ibimenyetso, ukeneye imiterere. Parsing ihindura urutonde rwibimenyetso mu giti cyitwa Abstract Syntax Igiti (AST) - icyerekezo cyerekana imiterere ihuza ibice bitandukanye byimvugo. Imvugo 3 + 4 * 5 ntabwo ikurikirana gusa ibimenyetso bitanu; ni igiti aho kugwiza guhuza gukomera kuruta kwiyongera, bitanga 23 aho kuba 35.

Aha niho ibintu bishimisha byukuri. Kugereranya algorithms nkibisanzwe byamanuka cyangwa Pratt parsing nibice byiza byubuhanga bihuye na dosiye imwe nyamara birashobora gukora ikibonezamvugo gitangaje. Isubiramo ryamanuka risubiramo, byumwihariko, soma hafi nkibisobanuro byururimi ubwabyo - buri gikorwa gihuye n amategeko yikibonezamvugo, bigatuma code yiyandikisha muburyo budasanzwe mugutezimbere software.

Amasomo yo gusesengura ararenze kure igishushanyo mbonera. Sisitemu iyo ari yo yose itunganya ibyinjijwe byubatswe - urupapuro rwabigenewe rufite itariki ntarengwa, imishahara yimishahara ifite amategeko asabwa, umuyoboro wa CRM ufite logique ishami - ukemura ikibazo cyo gusesengura. Abakoresha 138.000+ kurubuga rwa Mewayz batanga amakuru akomeye, yubatswe buri munsi. Gusobanukirwa uburyo abasesengura bahindura ibyinjijwe bidasobanutse muburyo budasobanutse ni itandukaniro riri hagati yo kubaka sisitemu ikemura ibibazo byimanza neza kandi igabanya igihe umuntu yinjiye mumatariki muburyo butunguranye.

Umusobanuzi: Aho Kode igeze muzima

Umusemuzi niho ubumaji bubera. Igenda AST, node kuri node, na ikora . Umubare node isubiza agaciro kayo. Binary operation node isuzuma abana bayo ibumoso niburyo kandi ikabahuza. Igikorwa guhamagarwa kireba imikorere mubidukikije, ihuza impaka, kandi isuzuma umubiri. Mu rurimi rw igikinisho, umusemuzi wose ashobora kuba imirongo 200-300 - ntoya ihagije kugirango ifate mumutwe wawe, ariko ifite imbaraga zihagije zo gukora progaramu nyazo.

Hariho uburyo bubiri bwagutse bwo gukora: abasobanuzi-bagenda-basobanuzi hamwe na bytecode imashini ziboneka. Abagenda ku biti biroroshye ariko bitinda; banyura AST mu buryo butaziguye. Bytecode VMs ikusanya AST muburyo bukurikiranye bwamabwiriza yoroshye (nkururimi ruto rwo guterana) hanyuma ikabishyira mubikorwa aho, gucuruza mubikorwa bigoye kubikorwa byiza cyane. CPython, ishyirwa mubikorwa rya Python, ikoresha bytecode VM. Lua, rumwe mu ndimi zikoreshwa neza cyane, yatangije igishushanyo mbonera cya VM cyanditse kuri moteri yimikino kwisi yose.

Ubushishozi bwibanze: Ibikoresho byubucuruzi bikomeye cyane ntabwo aribyo bifite ibintu byinshi - ni byo bifite "ururimi" rwimbere rwimbere rwo kwerekana ibyo abakoresha bakeneye. Buri moteri yamategeko, sisitemu ya formula, hamwe niyubaka ryikora ni umusemuzi muto wiyoberanya. Ubwiza bwuwo musemuzi bugena niba igikoresho gipima kuva kubakoresha 10 kugeza 100.000.

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Ibidukikije n'ahantu: Ubwubatsi bwihishe bwa Leta

Kimwe mu bitekerezo byoroshye mugushyira mubikorwa ururimi - kandi kimwe mubishobora gukoreshwa kuri software yubucuruzi - nuburyo indimi ziyobora leta binyuze mubidukikije. Iyo wanditse ibintu bihinduka imbere mumikorere, iyo variable ntigomba gusohoka no kwandika hejuru murwego rwisi. Ibi bisa nkaho bigaragara, ariko kubishyira mubikorwa neza bisaba imiterere yamakuru yiswe urunigi rwibidukikije : urutonde ruhujwe namakarita ya hash aho buri rwego rugereranya urwego, kandi gushakisha guhinduka bigenda kumurongo kugeza babonye umukino.

Ubu buryo bugaragara ahantu hose muri software yateguwe neza. Uruhushya rwabakoresha murubuga rwubucuruzi rukora kimwe - kwinjira kwitsinda bigenwa no kugenzura uburenganzira bwabo kugiti cyabo, hanyuma uruhushya rwuruhare rwabo, hanyuma ibikorwa byumuryango. Sisitemu ya module ya Mewayz, ikubiyemo ibintu byose uhereye kumurongo-muri-bio kugeza kumishahara yuzuye, ikoresha ibice byerekana indorerwamo. Nyir'ubucuruzi ashyiraho ishyirahamwe-ridasanzwe, abayobozi bashinzwe barashobora kurenga igenamiterere ryihariye, kandi abakoresha kugiti cyabo barashobora guhitamo aho bakorera - byose nta makimbirane.

Kubona urugero nabi mururimi rwa porogaramu bitera amakosa. Kubona urugero nabi mubucuruzi byubucuruzi bitera amakuru kumeneka, kwiyongera kwuruhushya, nubwoko bwimvururu zikorwa zitwara amafaranga nyayo. Amasomo ni amwe murwego rwose rwo gukuramo.

Niki Kubaka Ururimi Ruto Mubyukuri Birakwigisha

Niba utarigeze wubaka ururimi ruto rwo gutangiza porogaramu, dore ibyo uburambe bwigisha neza - n'impamvu bifite akamaro waba uri umuterimbere, uwashinze tekinike, cyangwa umuntu ushaka kumva gusa ibikoresho bakoresha buri munsi:

• Icyerekezo cyibitekerezo: Ntushobora kuba udasobanutse mugihe usobanura ikibonezamvugo. Ibidasobanutse neza mururimi rwawe bihinduka ikosa muri parser yawe. Iyi disipuline yimura mu buryo butaziguye kwandika neza, inyandiko zisobanutse neza, hamwe nibisabwa biranga neza.
• Kubabarana kubakoresha: Iyo utegura ururimi, uba utegura interineti kubitekerezo byabantu. Wiga kubaza: "Umukoresha bivuze iki ibi?" - ikibazo kigomba gutwara ibyemezo byose.
• Imikorere yimikorere: Wiga impamvu ibikorwa bimwe byihuta nibindi bitinda, ntabwo bivuye kubipimo ngenderwaho ahubwo nukubona neza intambwe umusemuzi atera. Ibi bituma ukora neza mugushushanya sisitemu igipimo.
• Gukemura ibibazo: Iyo ururimi rwawe rutanga umusaruro mubi, ntahantu ushobora kwihisha. Nta buryo bwo kubiryozwa, nta makimbirane yo mu bubiko bw'ibitabo. Nibitekerezo byawe, imiterere yamakuru yawe, algorithm yawe. Ibi byubaka ubwoko bwubuhanga bwimbitse bwo gutandukanya injeniyeri nziza nabakomeye.
• Ibi ntabwo ari ibyemezo uko bishakiye; ni ibisubizo byibibazo nyabyo uzahura nabyo mubikorwa byawe bwite.

Kuva Indimi Zikinisho Kuri Automation Yukuri-Isi

Itandukaniro riri hagati yururimi rwigikinisho na moteri yimikorere itanga umusaruro ni muto kurenza uko abantu benshi babitekereza. Guhindura imvugo ya Liquid yerekana ururimi rwatangiye nkuburyo bworoshye, bwizewe bwicyitegererezo kandi ubu butanga amamiriyoni yububiko. Igikorwa cya GitHub Igikorwa cyogukora ni ururimi rwihariye rwubatswe kuri YAML. Ururimi rwa Sigma rwibibazo rwa Sigma rutuma amakipe yimari abaza amakuru yishyuwe atanditse SQL. Buri kimwe muri ibyo cyatangiranye numuntu abaza ati: "Niyihe mvugo ntoya, yoroshye ikemura iki kibazo cyihariye?"

Iyi niyo philosophie imwe inyuma yibikorwa bigamije guhuza ibikorwa byubucuruzi muri ecosystem imwe. Iyo Mewayz akorera umwidegemvyo ukeneye guhuza-muri page ya bio na isosiyete iciriritse ikoresha umushahara kubakozi 50 murwego rwayo 207, ikibazo cyibanze nikimwe gihura na buri mushinga wururimi: nigute ushobora gukora sisitemu yoroshye bihagije kubatangiye nyamara ifite imbaraga zihagije kubibazo byakoreshejwe bigoye? Igisubizo, nkuko abashyira mu bikorwa ururimi bose bazakubwira, kubeshya kubona primitives neza - ntoya, igizwe ninyubako zubaka abakoresha bashobora guhuza muburyo uwashizeho atigeze atekereza.

> Umuntu yateguye ururimi rwururimi - lexer, parser, numusemuzi - kugirango umugambi wawe urangwe. Kandi ireme ryakazi kabo nimbaraga zitagaragara zerekana niba uburambe bwawe bwumva ari amarozi cyangwa umubabaro. Gusobanukirwa n'inda, ndetse no kurwego rwo hejuru, biguha imbaraga zidasanzwe: ubushobozi bwo kubona imashini munsi yimbere, guhanura aho izacika, no kuyisunika kure kuruta abayishushanyijeho.

Kubaka OS yawe Yubucuruzi Uyu munsi

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Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa

"lil 'kwinezeza" ni iki kandi kuki nakwitaho?

Lil 'urwenya ruto ni ruto, indimi zo kugerageza zigerageza gushakisha ibitekerezo byihariye cyangwa kwigisha ibitekerezo byingenzi. Bahereye kubasobanuzi b'ibikinisho byanditse muri wikendi kugeza indimi zihariye (DSLs) zagenewe imirimo ifunganye. Gusobanukirwa uko bakora biguha ubushishozi bwimbitse kuburyo software ikora - harimo ibikoresho byubucuruzi wishingikiriza kumunsi. Ubwo bumenyi butuma utera imbere kandi ugafata ibyemezo byinshi mugihe uhitamo cyangwa wubaka sisitemu yo gukoresha.

Nigute kwiga kubyerekeye indimi imbere bifasha muburyo bwo gutangiza ubucuruzi?

Iyo usobanukiwe nibisobanuro nka parsing, gusuzuma, nabasemuzi, utangira kubona automatike ukundi. Uzi imiterere mubikorwa byubaka, moteri yicyitegererezo, hamwe na sisitemu yo kuyobora. Amahuriro nka Mewayz akoresha aya mahame murwego 207 kugirango areke gukora fagitire, CRM ikora, nibindi byinshi - byose utanditse kode. Kumenya ibyingenzi bigufasha gusunika ibi bikoresho imbere no gukemura ibibazo byihuse.

Nkeneye impamyabumenyi ya mudasobwa kugirango nubake ururimi ruto?

Ntabwo aribyo rwose. Abashinzwe iterambere benshi bubaka umusemuzi wabo wa mbere muri wikendi imwe bakoresheje inyigisho hamwe nuyobora-isoko. Indimi nka Python na JavaScript bituma byoroha kwandika amagambo y'ibanze, gusobanura, no gusuzuma. Intego ntabwo ari ugukora ururimi rukurikira - ni ukwiga ukora. Ndetse imvugo yoroshye yo kubara irakwigisha uburyo imvugo igereranwa kandi igashyirwa mubikorwa, ubuhanga bwimura muburyo butaziguye kwisi.

Gusobanukirwa DSLs byamfasha guhitamo ibikoresho byiza byubucuruzi?

Rwose. Imishinga myinshi yubucuruzi yashyizemo indimi zihariye za formulaire, muyungurura, n amategeko agenga akazi. Iyo usobanukiwe nuburyo DSLs ikora munsi ya hood, urashobora gusuzuma ibikoresho cyane. Kurugero, Mewayz itanga OS yubucuruzi yuzuye itangirira kuri $ 19 / mo hamwe na logique yubatswe muri module yayo. Kumenya ibitekerezo bya DSL bigufasha gukoresha neza ibyo biranga aho gushushanya hejuru.

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