Mafunso ndi Øyvind Kolås, wopanga GIMP (2017)

Mmene Maupangiri Otsegula Otsegula Akukonzanso Zida Zopangira Mabizinesi Amakono

Pamene Øyvind Kolås adakhala pansi mu 2017 kuti akambirane ntchito yomwe adagwira kwa zaka zambiri pa injini yazithunzi ya GIMP, sanali kungolankhula za code - anali kufotokoza malingaliro omwe adasintha mwakachetechete momwe mabizinesi amayendera mapulogalamu opanga. Monga katswiri wokonza mapulani a GEGL (Generic Graphics Library), Kolås anakhala zaka zoposa khumi akumanga maziko osintha zithunzi mosawononga mu imodzi mwa mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchito yake ikuyimira china chachikulu kuposa pulojekiti imodzi: lingaliro lakuti zida zamphamvu, zamaluso sizifunika kubwera ndi ma tag amitengo yamabizinesi, komanso kuti mgwirizano wotseguka umatulutsa mapulogalamu abwinoko kuposa momwe chilengedwe chatsekedwa. Kwa mabizinesi omwe amayang'anira bajeti zolimba komanso zofuna zaukadaulo zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira, malingaliro awa sanakhalepo ofunikira.

Engineer Kumbuyo Kwa Kusintha Kwakukulu Kwambiri kwa GIMP

Øyvind Kolås, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi "pippin," yemwe amadziwika kuti "pippin," ndi wopanga mapulogalamu waku Norway yemwe zopereka zake ku GIMP zidatenga zaka zoposa khumi. Cholinga chake chachikulu chakhala GEGL - chimango chotengera zithunzi chomwe chinasintha momwe GIMP imagwirira ntchito za pixel. GEGL isanaphatikizidwe, GIMP inali yocheperako kukuya kwa mtundu wa 8-bit komanso kusintha kosasintha. Ntchito ya Kolås idayambitsa kukonza mozama kwambiri, kuyatsa kwa mzere, ndi maziko omanga osawononga.

Chomwe chidapangitsa kuti Kolås akhale wodabwitsa ndi kuleza mtima kwake komanso masomphenya ake anthawi yayitali. Kukula kwa GEGL kudayamba koyambirira kwa 2000s, ndipo kuphatikiza kwathunthu mu GIMP kudatenga zaka zopitilira khumi ndi zisanu. Pofika chaka cha 2017, zipatso za ntchitoyi zidayamba kuwonekera pomanga zisanachitike za GIMP 2.10, zomwe pamapeto pake zimatumizidwa ndi kulondola kwa 32-bit, chiwonetsero chazithunzi cha ntchito za GEGL, komanso mapaipi okonzekera bwino kwambiri. Uku sikunali liwiro loyambilira - inali njira yokhazikika, yoyambira yomwe idayika patsogolo kukonzanso kamangidwe kake kuposa momwe zimayendera mwachangu.

Nkhani yake ikupereka phunziro lomwe limapitilira kupititsa patsogolo mapulogalamu: luso lokhazikika limafuna kuyikapo ndalama pazomangamanga zisanachitike. Mabizinesi omwe amamanga pamaziko olimba - kaya ndi ma code kapena kachitidwe kantchito - amakhala opambana kuposa omwe akufuna kupambana kwakanthawi.

Chifukwa Chiyani Mayendedwe Osawononga Ntchito Ndi Ofunika Kuposa Mapangidwe

Lingaliro la Kolås lotsogozedwa ndi GIMP - kusintha kosawononga - ndi losavuta mwachinyengo. M'malo mosintha zinthu zomwe mumayambira ndi ntchito iliyonse, mumasunga zosintha ngati zigawo zosinthika zomwe zitha kusinthidwa, kuyitanitsanso, kapena kuchotsedwa nthawi iliyonse. Deta yoyambirira imakhalabe. Mukusintha zithunzi, izi zikutanthauza kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera mtundu, kusawoneka bwino, ndi mbewu, kenako ndikubwerera ndikusintha kusintha kwamtundu popanda kutaya zosintha zina.

Mfundoyi ili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu kunja kwa mapulogalamu opanga mapulogalamu. Mabizinesi amakono akugwira ntchito mochulukira m'malo omwe zosankha zimafunikira kusinthidwa, kuwerengeka, komanso kubwerezabwereza. Ganizirani momwe payipi ya CRM imagwirira ntchito: simukufuna kudina kamodzi kokha kuti musinthe mbiri yamalonda. Kapena ganizirani za ma invoice - kuthekera kosintha zinthu za mzere, kubweza zosintha, ndikusunga njira yowunikira bwino ndikofunikira kuti mugwirizane ndi zachuma. Lingaliro losawononga lomwe Kolås adalowa muzomangamanga za GIMP likuwonetsa zomwe nsanja zamabizinesi opangidwa bwino zimapereka pagawo lililonse.

Mapulatifomu ngati Mewayz amagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwewa pamagawo awo 207 ophatikizika. Kaya mukusintha mawerengedwe a malipiro, kusintha malingaliro a kasitomala, kapena kukonzanso ndondomeko yanthawi ya polojekiti, makinawa amasunga mbiri yakusintha ndikukulolani kubwereza popanda kuopa kutaya ntchito. Ndi bizinesi yofanana ndi zosintha zosawononga - ndipo zimangosintha.

Ubwino Wopezeka Pama Bizinesi Okulirapo

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito ya Kolås pa GIMP ndi momwe imayimira pazachuma. Adobe's Creative Cloud suite imawononga mabizinesi pakati pa $55 ndi $90 pa wogwiritsa ntchito pamwezi. Kwa gulu la opanga khumi, ndi $6,600 mpaka $10,800 pachaka - musanawerengere zolembetsa zojambulidwa, ziphaso zamapulagi, kapena ndalama zophunzitsira. GIMP, yoyendetsedwa ndi injini ya GEGL ya Kolås, imapereka luso lapamwamba pamtengo wa ziro laisensi.

Mtundu wotseguka wakula kwambiri kuyambira 2017. Mabizinesi masiku ano amatha kupanga zida zonse zopanga ndi zogwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zida za SaaS zotseguka komanso zotsika mtengo popanda kupereka nsembe. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu powunika zida zotseguka zogwiritsira ntchito bizinesi ndi izi:

• Mtengo wonse wa umwini - Kupereka chilolezo chaulere sikutanthauza kutumizidwa kwaulere; mfundo yophunzitsira, makonda, ndi chithandizo
• Thanzi la mdera — Magulu omwe amathandizira (GIMP yakhala ndi anthu opitilira 700) amawonetsa kuthekera kwanthawi yayitali
• Kuthekera kophatikizika — Zida zomwe zimalumikizana ndi kayendetsedwe kanu ka ntchito kudzera mu ma API komanso mawonekedwe amtundu wamba amachepetsa kukangana
• Scalability - Onetsetsani kuti chida chingathe kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito popanda kufunikira kosinthira nsanja
• Chitetezo ndi kutsata — Khodi yotsegula ikhoza kufufuzidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zobisika

Mabizinesi anzeru kwambiri sasankha pakati pa zida zotsegula ndi zamalonda. Amamanga masitaki osakanizidwa - pogwiritsa ntchito GIMP pokonza zithunzi zamagulu, Mewayz pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, ndi zida zowunikira zoyambira pomwe njira zina zotseguka sizilephera. Njirayi imatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu ndi 40-60% kwinaku akusunga kapena kuwongolera luso.

Kupanga Chitoliro Chopangira Ntchito

Ntchito ya Kolås idawonetsa kusiyana komwe mabizinesi ambiri amavutikirabe: kusagwirizana pakati pa kupanga luso ndi mabizinesi. Wopanga amapanga zinthu mu GIMP kapena Photoshop, amazitumiza kunja, amaziyika pagalimoto yogawana, amadziwitsa gulu lazamalonda kudzera pa Slack, yemwe amawaphatikizira pamakampeni, zolemba zamagulu, kapena mindandanda yazogulitsa. Chiwopsezo chilichonse chimabweretsa kuchedwa, kusokonezeka kwa mtundu, komanso kuwopsa kogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakale.

Makampani oganiza zam'tsogolo akuchotsa mipatayi polumikiza njira zawo zopangira zopangira molunjika ku nsanja zawo zogwirira ntchito. Zopanga zanu zikamadya mwachindunji mu CRM yanu, masamba anu osungitsa, mbiri yanu ya ulalo-mu-bio, ndi ma tempuleti anu olipira, mumachotsa gulu lonse la mikangano. Mwachitsanzo, ogwiritsa ntchito a Mewayz, amatha kusintha katundu wamtundu kamodzi ndikusintha zinthuzo kuti zizingoyang'ana makasitomale - kuchokera pamalingaliro amalingaliro kupita kumalo ogulitsira adijito - popanda kuyikanso pamanja pazida zolumikizidwa.

Mapulogalamu okwera mtengo kwambiri mubizinesi iliyonse si omwe amakhala ndi chiphaso chapamwamba kwambiri - ndi omwe amapanga ntchito yamanja kwambiri pakati pa machitidwe. Mtengo wophatikiza, woyezedwa m'maola aumunthu, pafupifupi nthawi zonse umaposa mtengo wolembetsa.

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Chidziwitso ichi ndichifukwa chake zomwe zikuchitika pa nsanja zonse zapita patsogolo. Mabizinesi omwe m'mbuyomu adakwanitsa zida zisanu ndi zitatu mpaka khumi ndi ziwiri - chilichonse chili chabwino paokha - akuwona kuti kulumikizana pakati pazidazo kumawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa zida zomwezo. Pulatifomu yokhazikika yomwe imayang'anira CRM, ma invoice, HR, kasamalidwe ka projekiti, ndi kugawa katundu waluso pansi pa denga limodzi kumachotsa maola ambiri otanganidwa pachaka.

Zophunzira za Zaka Khumi ndi Zisanu Zopanga Odwala

Mwina chinthu chosayamikiridwa kwambiri munkhani ya Kolås ndi nthawi. Mu chikhalidwe chaukadaulo chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kubwereza mwachangu komanso zinthu zochepa zomwe zingagwire ntchito, adakhala zaka zopitilira khumi ndi zisanu akumanga GEGL kukhala injini yojambula yokonzekera kupanga. Gulu la GIMP silinafulumizitse kuphatikizika kwa GEGL kumsika wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ophika theka - adadikirira mpaka zomangazo zitha kuthandizira kuwonetsetsa kwathunthu kwakuya kwakuya, kosawononga, kukonza zithunzi zofulumira za GPU.

Kuleza mtima kumeneku kunapereka phindu. Pamene GIMP 2.10 potsiriza inatumizidwa mu Epulo 2018, sikunali kusintha kowonjezera - kunali kudumpha kwanthawi zonse. Pulogalamuyi idasiya kutayidwa ngati "Photoshop ya anthu omwe sangakwanitse kugula Photoshop" mpaka kuzindikirika ngati njira ina yothekera yokhala ndi maubwino omanga m'machitidwe ena, makamaka kukonza ma batch ndikusintha zithunzi zojambulidwa kudzera pa Script-Fu ndi Python-Fu.

Mabizinesi atha kutulutsa phunziro lamphamvu apa: maziko oyika ndalama. Kuwononga nthawi pokhazikitsa machitidwe oyenera - kaya ndikukonza nsanja yokwanira yamabizinesi, kulemba njira zogwirira ntchito, kapena kupanga makina opangira ntchito - zimamveka pang'onopang'ono poyambilira koma zimabweretsa kubweza kwakukulu kwa miyezi ndi zaka. Makampani omwe amagulitsa sabata imodzi ndikukhazikitsa ma module olumikizana a Mewayz amafotokoza bwino kuti akupulumutsa maola 15-20 pa sabata mkati mwa kotala yoyamba, poyerekeza ndi omwe amatengera zida mwachangu popanda kukonzedwa bwino.

Tsogolo la Zida Zaukadaulo Zofikirika

Kuyambira kuyankhulana kwa Kolås mu 2017, njira yomwe adalongosola idakwera kwambiri. GIMP ikupitilizabe kusinthira kukusintha kosawononga. Zopangidwa ndi AI zikuphatikizidwa mu zida zopangira zotseguka. Ndipo msika wokulirapo wavomereza lingaliro loti luso laukadaulo liyenera kupezeka kwa mabizinesi amtundu uliwonse - osati okhawo omwe ali ndi ndalama zamabizinesi.

Kukhazikitsa demokalaseku kumafalikira pamapulogalamu onse abizinesi. Kumene kuyambika mu 2012 kukanafunika $2,000 pamwezi polembetsa mapulogalamu kuti agwire ntchito zoyambira, kukhazikitsa kofananirako lero kungawononge ndalama zosakwana $100 pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotseguka komanso nsanja zotsika mtengo zamtundu umodzi. Mabizinesi 138,000+ omwe akugwiritsa ntchito kale nsanja ngati Mewayz akuwonetsa kuti makampani ang'onoang'ono ndi apakati savomerezanso kusankha kolakwika pakati pa kuthekera ndi kukwanitsa.

Kulumikizana kwa zida zopangira magwero otseguka, automation ya AI, ndi nsanja zamabizinesi modular kukupanga malo omwe gulu la anthu asanu litha kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso kupukuta kwa bungwe la anthu makumi asanu. Kolås ndi opanga zinthu ngati iyeyo adayala maziko potsimikizira kuti mapulogalamu apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi amatha kupangidwa mogwirizana, kugawidwa mwaufulu, ndikusinthidwa mosalekeza ndi madera osati mabungwe.

Njira Zothandiza Kuti Mutengere Chida Chanu cha Bizinesi Yamakono

Molimbikitsidwa ndi mfundo zomwe a Kolås amagwiritsa ntchito pomanga GEGL, nayi njira yowunikira ndikusintha zida zanu zamalonda zamakono:

1. Unikani zida zanu zamakono ndi mtengo wake weniweni. Lembani mndandanda wa mapulogalamu onse, kenaka yikani maola omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza deta pakati pawo. Misonkho yophatikiza nthawi zambiri imakhala 2-3x mtengo wolembetsa.
2. Zindikirani msana wanu wapakatikati. Sankhani nsanja imodzi yoti ikhale pakati panu - yomwe ikukhudza CRM, kasamalidwe ka projekiti, ma invoice, ndi kulumikizana kwamagulu mwachilengedwe osati kudzera muzophatikiza.
3. Sanjika mu zida zapadera pokhapokha ngati kuli kofunikira. Gwiritsani ntchito GIMP kapena zida zotsegula zofananira pa ntchito yopanga, koma onetsetsani kuti zikugwirizana ndi poyambira pa ntchito yanu kudzera mukusungirako komwe mudagawana kapena kuphatikizira mwachindunji.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito zokhazikitsira, osati njira zazifupi. Tengani nthawi kuti mukonze kayendedwe ka ntchito, zosintha zokha, ndi ma tempuleti patsogolo. Monga Kolås kumanga kamangidwe ka GEGL musanawonjezere zina, kukhazikitsidwa kwanu kumatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali.
5. Unikani ndi kubwereza kotala. Zida zimasintha, magulu amakula, ndipo kachitidwe ka ntchito kamasintha. Konzani ndemanga pafupipafupi kuti muchotse zida zosafunikira ndikutengera njira zina zabwinoko zikangotuluka.

Nthawi yolumikiza zida zambiri zolumikizidwa ikutha. Kaya mukusintha zithunzi mu GIMP, kuyang'anira makasitomala mu CRM, kapena kupanga ma invoice anu, njira yopambana ndi yofanana ndi yomwe Øyvind Kolås adawonetsa pazaka zaukatswiri wophunzitsidwa bwino: mangani pamaziko olimba, gwirizanitsani makina anu mwanzeru, ndikulola kuti ntchito yanu ikhale yabwino kwambiri.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi GEGL ndi chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani ili yofunika?

GEGL (Generic Graphics Library) ndi injini yokonza zithunzi zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu GIMP yamakono. Yopangidwa ndi Øyvind Kolås, idayambitsa zosintha zosawononga, zozama kwambiri. Izi zimalola kusintha kovutirapo popanda kusinthiratu deta yachithunzi choyambirira, mawonekedwe aukadaulo omwe amangokhala mapulogalamu okwera mtengo. Mapulatifomu amakono ngati Mewayz, omwe amapereka ma module 207 pa $19 / mwezi, amathandiziranso kukonza kwamphamvu koteroko, kosawononga kuti mabizinesi azitha kulenga mwaluso.

Kodi mapulogalamu otsegula ngati GIMP amapindulitsa bwanji mabizinesi?

Mapulogalamu a Open-source amapereka njira yotsika mtengo, yosinthika, komanso yowonekera potengera zida za eni. Monga tafotokozera m'mafunsowa, malingaliro omwe amathandizira chitukuko cha GIMP amapatsa mphamvu mabizinesi powapatsa mphamvu pazida zawo zopangira. Izi zimachepetsa chindapusa cha chilolezo ndikupewa kutseka kwa ogulitsa. Makampani amatha kumanga pamaziko okhazikika awa, ofanana ndi momwe Mewayz amaperekera ma module ophatikizika 207 olembetsa osaphatikizika a $ 19 / mo, kupangitsa kuti zida zapamwamba zizipezeka.

Kodi kusintha kosawononga ndi chiyani?

Kusintha kosawononga ndi kachitidwe kantchito komwe zosintha (monga zosefera kapena kukonza mitundu) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zigawo kapena malangizo m'malo mosintha ma pixel oyambilira. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti musinthenso kapena kuchotsa zotsatira nthawi iliyonse popanda kutayika kwabwino. Ntchito ya Kolås pa GEGL idabweretsa mulingo waukadaulo uwu ku GIMP. Ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri m'nyumba zamakono zamakono, kuphatikizapo ntchito monga Mewayz, zomwe zimathandiza mabizinesi kukhala osinthasintha, kupanga katundu wapamwamba kwambiri.

Kodi zida zotsegula zimatha kupikisana ndi mapulogalamu amalonda?

Inde, monga zikuwonetseredwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza kwa GIMP. Kuyankhulana kukuwonetsa kuti mapulojekiti otseguka amatha kupeza zotsatira zaukadaulo mwa kudzipereka kwa anthu ammudzi. Nthawi zambiri amayendetsa zinthu zatsopano zomwe pambuyo pake zimatengera malonda. Kwa mabizinesi omwe akufuna njira yoyenera, mautumiki olembetsa ngati Mewayz (ma module 207 a $19/mo) amawonetsa momwe zida zaukadaulo zingapangidwire kukhala zamphamvu komanso zofikirika, kuphatikiza mfundo zotseguka ndi chitukuko chokhazikika.