Ndinakonza Zachitukuko cha Windows Native: Kufotokozera Kwambiri Zomwe Zimagwira Ntchito

Kukula kwachilengedwe kwa Windows kwavutitsidwa ndi kugawika kwa zida, gehena yodalira, ndi kusagwirizana kwa chilengedwe kwazaka zambiri - koma nditayesa miyezi ingapo, pomaliza ndidapeza mayendedwe omwe amathetsa chisokonezo. Bukuli likufotokoza ndendende zomwe zidasweka, zomwe ndidayesera, ndi makhazikitsidwe omwe tsopano amathandizira kupanga kwanga kumangika popanda WSL workaround imodzi.

Chifukwa chiyani Windows Native Development Yakhala Yovuta Kwambiri Nthawi Zonse?

Yankho loona mtima ndilakuti Windows sinapangidwe ndi opanga ngati nzika zoyambira. Machitidwe a Unix adayika kasamalidwe ka phukusi, zolemba za zipolopolo, ndi kudzipatula kwa chilengedwe mu DNA yawo kuyambira pachiyambi. Mawindo atseka zinthu izi kwa zaka zambiri, ndikupanga chisokonezo cha PowerShell, CMD, Chocolatey, Winget, MSVC runtime mikangano, ndi masoka a PATH omwe angasokoneze injiniya wamkulu masana.

Zizindikirozi ndizodziwika bwino kwa aliyense amene wagwirapo ntchito pamalowa: phukusi limayika bwino pamakina amodzi ndikulephera mwakachetechete pa lina, pangani zida zolozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yophatikizira kutengera momwe Visual Studio imagwirira ntchito yomwe mudayikapo komaliza, ndi mapulojekiti a Node.js omwe amayenda bwino mu WSL2 amaponya zolakwika za EPERM pamtundu wamba. Izi sizomwe zili m'mphepete - ndizomwe zimachitika kwa opanga Windows ambiri.

Ndi Njira Zotani Zomwe Zinasweka Pakukhazikitsa Kwanga?

Nditatha kuunika chilengedwe changa mwadongosolo, ndidazindikira zifukwa zitatu zomwe zachititsa pafupifupi 80% ya kulephera kwanga kumanga ndi kusagwirizana kwa chilengedwe:

• Malaibulale omwe akusemphana ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito: Mabaibulo angapo a Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable anakhalapo popanda dongosolo lomveka bwino, zomwe zinachititsa kuti kuyang'ana kwa DLL kumalephereke m'ma module awo.
• PATH kuipitsidwa: Zida khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zolekanitsa zidawonjezera zolembedwa mudongosolo la PATH pakapita nthawi, ndipo zingapo zimachitirana mithunzi ndikulozera kumayendedwe akale.
• Kupanda kudzipatula pamlingo wa projekiti: Mosiyana ndi mayendetsedwe a ntchito a Unix komwe .env mafayilo ndi malangizo a zipolopolo ndi nzika zotsogola, Windows inalibe njira yokhazikika yowonera kusintha kwa chilengedwe ku polojekiti popanda zida za chipani chachitatu.
• Mikangano yomaliza ya Git: Kugwira kosakanikirana kwa CRLF/LF pakati pa zida za Windows ndi malaibulale amitundu yosiyanasiyana kudapangitsa kuti macheke amalephereke pamafayilo otsekera, kuswa ma installs okhoza kupanganso.
• Zofunikira zowonjezera chilolezo cha ma symlink: Oyang'anira phukusi ambiri amadalira maulalo ophiphiritsa, omwe pa Windows amafuna Mawonekedwe a Madivelopa kapena mwayi woyang'anira — makonda amazimitsa makina ambiri mwalamulo.

"Vuto silinali loti Mawindo sakanatha kupanga chitukuko chachibadwidwe - chinali chakuti palibe amene adasonkhanitsa zida zoyenera ndi kasinthidwe mwadala. Mukangotenga malo anu a dev ngati chinthu chomwe chimafuna zisankho zamamangidwe, chirichonse chimasintha."

Kodi Ndinakonza Bwanji Windows Native Development Workflow?

Kukonza sikunali chida chimodzi kapena zolemba zamatsenga. Kunali kukonzanso mwadala momwe chilengedwe chimasonkhanitsira, kufufuzidwa, ndi kusamalidwa. Maziko akuyamba ndikupangitsa Developer Mode pamlingo wa OS kuti atsegule kupanga ma symlink popanda kukwera. Kuchokera pamenepo, Scoop ilowa m'malo mwa osakaniza ad-hoc oyika chifukwa imagwira ntchito m'malo a ogwiritsa ntchito, masitolo amawonekera poyang'anira mtundu, ndipo imayendetsa kasamalidwe ka shim bwino.

Kwa mapulojekiti a Node.js makamaka, kusinthira ku Volta yoyang'anira mitundu kunachotsa zolakwika za EPERM zomwe zakhala zikuvutitsa npm padziko lonse lapansi. Volta imadula ma foni a binary pa shim wosanjikiza ndikukonza mtundu wolondola wa nthawi yoyendetsera polojekiti iliyonse popanda kukhudza PATH. Kuphatikizidwa ndi kiyi yodzipereka ya .volta mu package.json, kulinganiza chilengedwe pamakina onse kumakhala kodziwikiratu m'malo mongofuna.

Chigawo chomaliza chinali kutsata ndondomeko ya pulojekiti .env yokhazikitsidwa ndi direnv yotumizidwa ku Windows kudzera pa Scoop - kuonetsetsa kuti polojekiti iliyonse imakhala ndi chilengedwe chake chomwe chimatsegula ndikutsegula ndikutuluka. Kuwonongeka kwa PATH kwatsika kuchoka pa zolemba khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kufika pa zinayi mkati mwa sabata.

Kodi Kuwunika Kofananitsa Kumawulula Chiyani Zokhudza Mbadwa Zam'deralo ndi WSL2 Njira?

WSL2 ndiyabwino kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo ntchito zomwe zimayang'ana malo omwe amatumizidwa ndi Linux. Ngati seva yanu yopanga ikuyendetsa Ubuntu ndipo gulu lanu limakhala lomasuka ndi zida za Linux, WSL2 imachotsa mikangano. Komabe, imabweretsa mavuto akeake: machitidwe amafayilo kudutsa malire a Windows-Linux akuchedwa pang'onopang'ono pamachitidwe a I/O-heavy, kuwoloka malire kumafuna kuyika kowonjezera, ndipo mapulogalamu a Windows GUI amtundu wa Windows amakhalabe kunja kwa WSL2 kwathunthu.

Kwa magulu omwe akumanga mapulogalamu a Windows-native, Electron-based desktop software, kapena zida zilizonse zomwe zimayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi Windows APIs, chitukuko cha mbadwa sichitha kusankha - ndipo mayendedwe okhazikika omwe akufotokozedwa apa amaposa WSL2 pazochitika zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa benchmark iliyonse yomwe ndinayendetsa. Mangani nthawi zamapulojekiti apakati a Electron adatsika ndi 34% atasamutsidwa kuchokera ku WSL2 yokhala ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizika a I/O kupita ku makonzedwe achilengedwe omwe ali ndi kudalira koyenera.

Kodi Mungasamalire Bwanji Zopangira Mapulojekiti Ndi Mabizinesi Pamodzi?

Kukonza malo anu otukuka bwino ndi theka limodzi la equation. Kuyendetsa bizinesi yamapulogalamu kapena sitolo yachitukuko kumafuna kugwirizanitsa kasamalidwe kamakasitomala, mapaipi a projekiti, mayendedwe amagulu, ma invoice, ndi kutsatsa - ndipo opanga ambiri amalumikiza izi pamodzi kuchokera ku zida zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi zolumikizidwa za SaaS zomwe sizimalankhulana.

Izi ndi zomwe Mewayz idamangidwa kuti ithetse. Ndi magawo 207 ophatikizika omwe amakhudza chilichonse kuyambira pa CRM ndi kasamalidwe ka projekiti mpaka kukonza zomwe zili ndi malonda a e-commerce, Mewayz imagwira ntchito ngati njira yonse yoyendetsera bizinesi m'malo mwa njira ina yokhayokha. Ogwiritsa ntchito opitilira 138,000 pakadali pano amayendetsa ntchito zawo papulatifomu pamalingaliro oyambira $ 19 pamwezi - kachigawo kakang'ono ka zomwe magulu ambiri amawononga ndikusoka pamodzi Notion, HubSpot, Trello, ndi FreshBooks padera.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ndikoyenera kukonza chitukuko cha Windows kapena ndingogwiritsa ntchito WSL2 pachilichonse?

Zimadalira pa nsanja yomwe mukufuna. WSL2 ndiye chisankho choyenera mukatumiza ku Linux ndikufuna kuchepetsa kusuntha kwa chilengedwe. Kukula kwa Native Windows ndichisankho choyenera mukamamanga mapulogalamu a Windows, mukugwira ntchito ndi Windows-specific APIs, kapena mukusowa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba pamakina opangira zida. Njira ziwirizi ndizosiyana - magulu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zawo za Windows pomanga mapaipi awo ndi WSL2 poyesa Linux kokha.

Kodi kusintha kwakukulu kumodzi komwe kwasintha chilengedwe changa cha Windows dev ndi chiyani?

Kuyambitsa Developer Mode ndikusamukira ku Scoop monga woyang'anira phukusi wamkulu kunakhudza kwambiri nthawi yomweyo. Njira yokhazikitsira malo a Scoop idachotsa zovuta zokweza chilolezo zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pafupifupi 40% yalephereka kwa chilengedwe changa, ndipo njira yake yodziwonetsera idapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chifanane ndi makina kwanthawi yoyamba.

Kodi Mewayz imathandizira bwanji magulu achitukuko ndi mabizinesi apakompyuta?

Mewayz imagwirizanitsa zomwe magulu otukuka amanyalanyaza mpaka zitakhala zowawa. Kukwera kwamakasitomala, kuchuluka kwa projekiti, kupanga malingaliro, ma invoice, kulumikizana ndimagulu, ndi makina otsatsa onse amayendetsedwa papulatifomu imodzi. Kwa mabungwe ang'onoang'ono ndi opanga odziyimira pawokha makamaka, kuchotsa kuwongolera kowongolera ma SaaS angapo olembetsa ndi kusamutsa deta pamanja pakati pa zida kumamasula nthawi yofunikira kuti muyang'ane pa ntchito yeniyeni yachitukuko.

Kukula kwawo kwa Windows sikunasweka kwenikweni - sikunapatsidwe kukhazikitsidwa mwadala komwe kumayenera. Ndi kamangidwe koyenera ka toolchain, ndi malo omwe amatha kupanga mapulogalamu opangira. Ndipo malo anu otukuka akakhazikika, cholepheretsa chotsatira chimakhala ntchito nthawi zonse. Yambitsani kuyesa kwanu kwa Mewayz lero ndi kubweretsa dongosolo lomwelo ladala kugawo lanu labizinesi lomwe mwabweretsa kumene pamalo anu opanga makina.