Zolipira Zolakwika mu Zig: Momwe Zig Imaganiziranso Zolakwika Zokhudza Khodi Yotetezedwa

Zolipira zolakwika mu Zig zimalola opanga mapulagi kuti amangirize data yanthawi zonse kuzinthu zolakwika, kuthetsa vuto lomwe lakhalapo kwanthawi yayitali lotaya chidziwitso chazidziwitso mukamafalitsa zolakwika kudzera mumagulu ochezera. Mosiyana ndi ma code olakwika achikhalidwe kapena machitidwe olemetsa olemera, njira ya Zig imakupatsani inu zolakwika zokhazikika, zowunikira nthawi zonse osataya ntchito kapena kuwerenga.

Kodi Zolipira Zolakwika Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Chifukwa Chiyani Zig Imafunikira?

Mtundu wa Zig wotengera zolakwika wamangidwa mozungulira migwirizano yolakwika, mtundu wamtundu womwe umakakamiza oyimba kuti avomereze ndikuwongolera zolakwika bwino. Mgwirizano wolakwika umaphatikiza mtundu wanthawi zonse wobwezera ndi cholakwika, cholembedwa ngati ErrorSet!ReturnType. Ntchito ikalephera, imabweza mtengo wolakwika kuchokera pagulu. Chovuta m'mbiri chinali chakuti manambala olakwika alibe mawu owonjezera: mukudziwa zomwe zidalakwika, koma osati kuti, chifukwa, kapena ndi mawu otani.

Pakachulukiridwa ndi zolakwika pakusintha kumeneku. Pophatikiza zidziwitso zowonjezera pamodzi ndi tag yolakwika, opanga amatha kufalitsa zowunikira popanda kugwiritsa ntchito dziko lonse lapansi, kusungirako komweko, kapena zina. Makinawa amapangitsa kuti filosofi ya Zig ikhalebe yotsika mtengo chifukwa zolipira zimagawika ndi kuchulukitsa pamene cholakwika chichitika, osati panjira yopambana.

Kodi Malipiro Olakwika Amafanana Bwanji ndi Kusunga Zolakwika M'zilankhulo Zina?

Kumvetsetsa zisankho zamapangidwe a Zig kumamveka bwino mukayerekeza zolakwika zake ndi njira zina zamakina opangira chilengedwe:

• C's errno and return codes: Nkhani yolakwika imasungidwa mumtundu wapadziko lonse, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosatetezeka popanda kulangizidwa mosamala. Palibe kukakamiza kophatikiza, kotero zolakwika zimanyalanyazidwa pang'ono.
• C++ kupatula: Kupatula kumanyamula katundu wolemera mwachibadwa, koma kumayambitsa kayendedwe kobisika, kumalepheretsa kukhathamiritsa kwina, ndikuwonjezera kukula kwa binary. Magulu ambiri ophatikizidwa ndi opanga masewera amawalepheretsa.
• Zotsatira za Rust: Njira ya dzimbiri ndi wachibale wapafupi kwambiri. Zolakwika zamwambo zomwe zili ndi data yogwirizana nazo zimakwaniritsanso chimodzimodzi, koma zolakwika za Zig ndizopepuka komanso zimaphatikizana ndi mawu osakira achilankhulo try ndi catch pamlingo wa syntactic.
• Go's multi-return (mtengo, zolakwika): Go amalimbikitsa zolakwika zomata ndi fmt.Errorf kapena sentinel mitundu, koma compiler samakakamiza kugwira. Zolakwika ndi mawonekedwe anthawi zonse osayang'ana nthawi yayitali.
• Zig's error unions with payloads: Zig imagwira ntchito yapakati, ikupereka ma compiler-enkakanging, zotsika mtengo panjira yopambana, komanso kutha kumangirira nkhani zokhazikika popanda kugawika milu ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi data yokhazikika.

Kuchulukiraku kukuwonetsa momwe zilankhulo zimayendera: makampani akuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito zolakwika zotayidwa, zokakamizidwa, ndipo Zig amakankhira malirewo popangitsa kuti zolipirira zikhale zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri popanda kuwononga mtengo wake.

Kodi Kukhazikitsako Kumawoneka Motani Pamachitidwe?

Mu Zig code yeniyeni, zolipira zolakwika zimawonekera kudzera munjira yomwe magwiridwe antchito amabwezera mgwirizano kapena gulu lomwe limakutira zonse zolakwika ndi data yowonjezera. Ganizirani za cholozera mafayilo chomwe chikufunika kufotokoza osati "mawonekedwe osavomerezeka" komanso ma byte offset ndi chizindikiro chosayembekezereka chomwe mwakumana nacho. M'malo molowera ku stderr kapena kubisa zambiri munjira yam'mbali, ntchitoyi imabweretsa ndalama zolipirira zomwe zili ndi zochotsera, ma tokeni omwe akuyembekezeka, ndi ma byte enieni omwe apezeka.

Mawu ofunikira a try amafalitsa zolakwika zomwe zasinthidwazi pokhapokha, ndipo pachothandizira pamlingo wapamwamba, mutha kufananiza pa tagi yolakwika ndikuchotsa zolipira pakudula mitengo, kuwonetsa, kapena kuchira. Izi zimapangitsa ma Zig codebases kukhala osasinthika chifukwa njira iliyonse yolakwika imakhala ndi njira yakeyake.

Key Insight: Phindu lothandizira kwambiri lazolipira zolakwika sizomwe zimachitika nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito; ndi chidziwitso. Cholakwa chilichonse chikakhala ndi nkhani yake, opanga amawononga nthawi yocheperako ndikupanga zolephera komanso nthawi yochulukirapo kukonza. Zolipira zolakwika zimasintha "chinachake chalakwika" kukhala "chinthu chenichenicho sichinayende bwino apa, ndi zolowetsa izi," kupangitsa kuti kusinthaku kusakhale kwa maola angapo mpaka mphindi.

Kodi Zenizeni Zapadziko Lonse Zokhudza Mapangidwe Azinthu Zopanga?

Magulu omwe akutenga Zig kuti apange maziko opangira zinthu, kuchokera ku mautumiki apaintaneti kupita ku firmware yophatikizidwa, amafotokoza zakusintha koyezeka pakanthawi kochepa (MTTR) pomwe zolipira zolakwika zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadongosolo. Chitsanzocho chimalimbikitsa chilango pamene ntchito iliyonse yomwe ingalephere zolemba momwe imalephera mofanana ndi mgwirizano wake wopambana.

Kwa mabungwe omwe amayang'anira machitidwe ovuta, izi zikuwonetsa chowonadi chochulukira: zolakwika zokhazikitsidwa ndikuchulukitsa kwaukadaulo wodalirika. Kaya mukutsata paketi yolakwika kudzera pa netiweki stack kapena kuzindikira kulephera kwa kachulukidwe pamapaipi otumizira, kusiyana pakati pa chotsitsa chopanda kanthu, khodi yolakwika ndi nambala yolipira ndi nambala yolipira. mphindi zisanu ndikufufuza kwa maola anayi.

Mfundoyi imapitilira kupitilira zilankhulo zamapulogalamu. Dongosolo lililonse lomwe limakuthandizani kujambula, kufalitsa, ndi kuchitapo kanthu mokhazikika zinthu zikasokonekera, kuyambira pakubweza zolakwika mu code mpaka ma dashboards ogwiritsira ntchito zida zamabizinesi, zimachepetsa kwambiri mtengo wolephera.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi zolipira zolakwika mu Zig mulu zaperekedwa?

Sichoncho ayi. Zig imapatsa opanga kuwongolera njira zogawira. Zolipira zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo ngati moyo wawo wonse ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pakalipano kapena kuperekedwa momveka bwino akafunika kupitilira malire oyimba. Kusinthasintha uku kumatanthauza kuti mumapewa kugawika kwa mulu komwe kumayikidwa mu C++ kapena Java. M'njira zofunika kwambiri, zolipira zodulitsidwa zimawonjezera kugawikana kwa ziro kunjira yolakwika.

Kodi zolipira zolakwika zimalumikizana bwanji ndi mawonekedwe a Zig?

Mtundu wophatikizira nthawi wa Zig umalola ma seti a zolakwika ndi mitundu yawo yolipira kuti atsimikizidwe panthawi yophatikiza. Wopangayo amatha kutsimikizira kuti cholakwa chilichonse mu seti chili ndi chothandizira chofananira komanso kuti mitundu yolipira imasinthidwa moyenera pamalo aliwonse oyimba. Izi zimachotsa gulu lonse la zodabwitsa za nthawi yothamanga pomwe cholakwika chimagwidwa koma malipiro ake amatanthauziridwa molakwika kapena kunyalanyazidwa, gwero lofala la kulephera kwakachetechete pamakina olakwika olembedwa mwachisawawa.

Kodi ndigwiritse ntchito zolipira zolakwika pantchito iliyonse yomwe ingalephereke?

Gwiritsani ntchito zolemetsa pamene zolakwika zimathandizira kuti woyimbayo apezenso kapena kukonza zolakwika. Pazochita zosavuta pomwe cholakwikacho chili chochepa komanso chodziwonetsera chokha, monga kulephera kwagawidwe, chizindikiro chopanda cholakwika ndi chokwanira. Sungani zolipirira zogwirira ntchito pomwe njira yolephera imadalira momwe mungalowetsere: kuyika, kutsimikizira, I/O yokhala ndi zolinga zenizeni, kapena kasamalidwe ka protocol. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'ono kwambiri kumawonjezera phokoso popanda kukonza zolakwika.

Pangani Makina Abwinoko Ndi Zida Zoyenera

Kaya mukulemba ntchito zokhazikika za Zig kapena kuyang'anira mabizinesi ovuta, kuchita bwino kumadalira kukhala ndi machitidwe okhazikika omwe amapereka chidziwitso choyenera panthawi yoyenera. Mewayz imabweretsa malingaliro omwewo pakuwongolera bizinesi: ma module ophatikizika 207 opangidwa kuti apangitse gulu lanu mokhazikika pamayendedwe aliwonse, kuyambira pakutsata polojekiti mpaka kulumikizana ndi kasitomala. Lowani nawo ogwiritsa ntchito 138,000 omwe alowa m'malo mongoganizira momveka bwino. Yambani kuyesa kwanu kwaulere pa app.mewayz.com ndikukhala ndi bizinesi ya OS yopangidwira matimu omwe amakana kuchita zinthu mwakhungu.