Discord: Chitsanzo pa Kukhathamiritsa Kwantchito

Ulendo wokhathamiritsa magwiridwe antchito a Discord ndi chimodzi mwazitsanzo zophunzitsa kwambiri paukadaulo wamakono wamapulogalamu, kuwonetsa momwe nsanja ingakulire kuchokera pa masauzande kupita ku mazana a mamiliyoni a ogwiritsa ntchito popanda kutsika liwiro kapena kudalirika. Powunika zisankho zauinjiniya za Discord - kuchokera kukusamuka kwa database kupita ku kamangidwe ka mauthenga anthawi yeniyeni - mabizinesi atha kutulutsa njira zotsimikiziridwa zomangira nsanja zomwe zimagwira ntchito mokakamizidwa.

Kodi Magwiridwe Otani a Power Discord pa Scale?

Zomangamanga za Discord zimamangidwa pamalingaliro ochita malonda mwadala. Poyambira pa Python ndi MongoDB, nsanjayo idakumana ndi zovuta pomwe ogwiritsa ntchito ake adaphulika. Gulu la mainjiniya linapanga chiganizo chovuta kwambiri: chokani kuchoka pamtengo wokhazikika kupita kumalo opangira ntchito, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zida zamtundu uliwonse zizitha kukula palokha.

Pachimake pakuchita kwa Discord ndikugwiritsa ntchito Elixir ndi makina a Erlang BEAM amtundu wake wanthawi yeniyeni yotumizira mauthenga. BEAM VM idapangidwira kuti ikhale yogwirizana, yololera zolakwika - ndendende zomwe nsanja yonyamula mabiliyoni a mauthenga patsiku imafunikira. Pakadali pano, Discord's API wosanjikiza adalembedwanso ku Rust, ndikupereka chitetezo cham'makumbukiro komanso magwiridwe antchito apamutu omwe Python sakanatha kufanana nawo.

Zotsatira zake ndi njira yomwe mamiliyoni ambiri olumikizirana pa WebSocket amasungidwa ndi sub-50ms nthawi zotumizira mauthenga, ngakhale pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Izi sizinangochitika mwangozi - zinali zopangidwa ndi mbiri yobwerezabwereza, kuzindikiritsa botolo, ndi kulembanso zomwe zakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zida zamakina.

Kodi Discord Inathetsa Bwanji Bottleneck Yake Yodziwika Kwambiri?

Imodzi mwazovuta zaukadaulo zomwe Discord zidalembedwa poyera ndi Cassandra, nkhokwe yosungidwa yomwe idasungira mbiri yauthenga. Pomwe nsanja idakula, kuwerenga latency kudatsika kwambiri - osati chifukwa Cassandra sanasankhe bwino, koma chifukwa machitidwe a Discord adasintha kwambiri. Magawo otentha, pomwe kuchuluka kocheperako komwe kumawerengedwa kumangoyang'ana ma data, kudapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono kuchepe.

Mayankho a gulu la mainjiniya anali kusamuka kodziwika bwino kupita ku ScyllaDB, database yogwirizana ndi Cassandra yolembedwa mu C++. Kusamukako kunachepetsa p99 kuwerenga latency kuchokera ku 40-125ms kutsika mpaka ma milliseconds a digito imodzi nthawi zambiri. Chofunika kwambiri, zidachepetsa zovuta zoyendetsera gulu, kumasula zida zauinjiniya kuti zikhazikike pakukula kwa mawonekedwe m'malo mozimitsa moto.

"Kukhathamiritsa kwabwino kwambiri sikumakhala kokhazikika mwaukadaulo - ndi komwe kumachepetsa zovuta kwinaku akulimbana mwachindunji ndi botolo lomwe limayambitsa kupweteka kwa ogwiritsa ntchito." Mfundo yotsimikiziridwa ndi nkhani yakusamuka ya Discord's database.

Mlanduwu ukuwonetsa phunziro lofunikira pa nsanja iliyonse yomwe ikukulirakulira: chida choyenera cha gawo limodzi la kukula chikhoza kukhala chida cholakwika china. Kusamuka mosalekeza ndi kufunitsitsa kusamuka sizizindikiro za kusakonzekera bwino - ndizizindikiro za kukhwima kwa mainjiniya.

Kodi Maphunziro Otani Pakukhazikitsa Padziko Lonse Lapansi Angagwire Ntchito Mabizinesi?

Ulendo wokhathamiritsa wa Discord sunali wongopeka chabe - udatulutsa machitidwe obwerezabwereza omwe amagwira ntchito pabizinesi iliyonse yoyendetsedwa ndi mapulogalamu. Zomwe zingatheke kwambiri ndi izi:

• Mbiri yanu isanakonzekere bwino: Discord nthawi zonse idazindikira zopinga zenizeni poyezera m'malo mongoganizira, kuletsa kuwononga zinthu panjira zosafunikira.
• Sankhani zilankhulo zoyambirira za I/O-zolemetsa kwambiri: Kusamukira ku Elixir potumiza mauthenga kwachepetsa kuchuluka kwa CPU poyerekeza ndi mitundu yolumikizana ndi ulusi.
• Kuchulutsa kachulukidwe kosungirako kuchokera pamakompyuta: Polekanitsa kusungidwa kwa uthenga kuchokera kugawo la nthawi yeniyeni yobweretsera, Discord idathandizira gawo lililonse kuti lizikula palokha kutengera mtundu wake wa katundu.
• Landirani kusamuka kochulukira chifukwa cholembanso za big bang: Machitidwe ovuta adasamutsidwa ndi ntchito, kuchepetsa chiopsezo komanso kulola kutsimikizira kosalekeza kwa phindu la magwiridwe antchito.
• Itanitsani kuti muwonekere msanga: Kutha kwa Discord kuzindikira zobwerera mwachangu kudachokera ku ndalama zakuya zotsatizana, ma dashboards a metrics, ndi zida zochenjeza zomwe zidamangidwa zovuta zisanachitike.

Kodi Njira ya Discord Imafananiza Bwanji ndi Njira Zina Zamakampani?

Mtundu wokhathamiritsa wa Discord umasiyana kwambiri ndi momwe nsanja ngati Slack ndi Microsoft Teams adakumana ndi zovuta zomwezi. Slack, mwachitsanzo, adatsamira kwambiri mu Node.js-based stack ndi WebSocket management pagawo la pulogalamuyo, kuvomereza makumbukidwe apamwamba kwambiri posinthana ndi kudziwana ndi akatswiri. Magulu, mothandizidwa ndi zomangamanga za Microsoft za Azure, adatenga njira yoyambira bizinesi - kuyika patsogolo kutsata ndi kuphatikizika m'malo mochita mochedwa.

Kusiyanitsa kwa Discord kunali kufunitsitsa kwake kugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje ocheperako - Elixir, Rust, ScyllaDB - pomwe matekinoloje amenewo anali ogwirizana bwino ndi zovuta zina. Kusankha kwaukadaulo kumeneku m'malo mongoganizira zamalingaliro kunabweretsa zopindulitsa zoyezeka popanda kufunikira kolembanso nsanja nthawi iliyonse.

Kwa mabizinesi omwe amayang'ana mapulatifomu awoawo, chitsanzo cha Discord chimatsutsana kwambiri ndi "chitukuko chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi kuyambiranso" - kusankha matekinoloje otengera kutchuka kwawo m'malo molingana ndi vutolo. Funso siloti "kotchuka ndi chiyani?" koma "ndi chiyani chomwe chimathetsa vutoli?"

Zotsatira za zisankho zauinjiniya za Discord ndizolembedwa komanso zoyezeka. Kutsatira kusamuka kwa ScyllaDB, Discord idanenanso kuchepetsedwa kwa 10x pakuwerengera ma node pomwe ikusinthanso latency. Kulembanso kwa Rust API kunachotsa magulu onse a nsikidzi zokhudzana ndi kukumbukira ndikuchepetsa nthawi yoyankha ntchito. Kutumiza mauthenga pafupipafupi kumagwira ntchito pansi pa 50ms ngakhale pazochitika zazikulu zamasewera - nthawi zomwe zidasokoneza dongosololi mpaka malire ake.

Pofika mchaka cha 2023, Discord inali kukonza mawu opitilira mphindi 4 biliyoni tsiku lililonse pamaseva opitilira 19 miliyoni. Izi sizinthu zachabechabe - ndi umboni kuti zisankho zamamangidwe zomwe zidapangidwa pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwa mainjiniya zidatulutsa zokhazikika, zophatikiza zopindulitsa pakapita nthawi.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Nchifukwa chiyani Discord inasamuka kuchoka ku Python kupita ku Rust chifukwa cha API yake?

Python's Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) imachepetsa mphamvu yake yogwiritsa ntchito nambala imodzi, ndikupanga zotchingira zomwe zidakhala zovuta kwambiri pomwe kuchuluka kwa pempho la Discord's API kukukula. Dzimbiri idapereka zokolola zofananira zamakina amitundu yamakina opanda nthawi yoyendetsera, kuyimitsa zinyalala, kapena malire a Python - kupanga gulu la API lomwe linali lachangu komanso lodziwikiratu kuti likulemedwa.

Kodi cholakwika chachikulu cha kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi chiyani?

Kulakwitsa kofala kwambiri ndikukonzekeretsa nthawi isanakwane komanso mokulira m'malo mongoyang'ana zomwe zimalepheretsa kutsitsa. Ukanjiniya wa magwiridwe antchito umakhala wothandiza kwambiri ukayendetsedwa ndi mbiri ya data ndi ma metric omwe amakhudzidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito. Discord idapambana mosadukizadukiza pozindikira cholepheretsa chimodzi chachikulu kwambiri - kuchedwa kwa database, API throughput, WebSocket concurrency - ndikuchithetsa mwapadera musanasamukire kwina.

Kodi nsanja yamabizinesi ingagwiritse ntchito bwanji maphunziro a Discord popanda zida zamabizinesi?

Mfundo zimatsika bwino. Pulatifomu iliyonse imatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowonera, mafotokozedwe omaliza omwe ali ndi zowona, ndikupanga zisankho zochulukira kutengera deta osati kusasintha. Mapulatifomu onse omwe ali ndi zovuta za zomangamanga - kusamalira kachidutswa, kulumikizana nthawi yeniyeni, ndi kusungidwa kwa data papulatifomu - amalola mabizinesi omwe akukula kuti apindule ndi zomangamanga popanda kufunikira kudzimanganso.

Kafukufuku wa Discord wa kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito amatsimikizira kuti sikelo yokhazikika imatheka kudzera mwadala, zisankho zamamangidwe zoyendetsedwa ndi data - osati kuponya zinthu pamavuto. Kaya mukugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana kapena mabizinesi amitundu yambiri, mfundo zake ndi zofanana: yesani mosalekeza, chepetsani mwanzeru, ndikusankha zida zomwe zikugwirizana ndi vuto lenileni.

Ngati bizinesi yanu ikuyang'ana nsanja yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mfundozi — yogwira ntchito, kuchulukira, ndi zovuta za kachitidwe kantchito kuti mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pakukula — onani Mewayz lero. Ndi ma module ophatikizika 207, ogwiritsa ntchito 138,000+, ndi mapulani oyambira $19 / mwezi okha, Mewayz yapangidwa kuti ikwaniritse bizinesi yanu kuyambira tsiku loyamba.