Na Kafaffen Ci gaban Ƙasar Windows: Cikakken Rushewar Abin da Ake Aiki

Ci gaban asali na Windows yana fama da rarrabuwar kawuna, jahannama na dogaro, da rashin daidaiton yanayi na shekaru - amma bayan watanni na gwaji, a ƙarshe na sami aikin aiki wanda ke kawar da hargitsi. Wannan jagorar ya ƙunshi ainihin abin da ya karye, abin da na gwada, da saitin da ke ba da ikon samarwa na yana ginawa ba tare da madaidaicin WSL guda ɗaya ba.

Me yasa Ci gaban Windows ya kasance koyaushe yana zama irin wannan mafarki mai ban tsoro?

Amsar gaskiya ita ce, ba a taɓa yin Windows tare da masu haɓakawa a matsayin ƴan ƙasa na farko ba. Tsarin tushen Unix sun gasa sarrafa fakitin, rubutun harsashi, da keɓewar yanayi cikin DNA ɗin su daga farko. Windows ta toshe waɗannan abubuwan a cikin shekaru da yawa, yana haifar da ɓarna na PowerShell, CMD, Chocolatey, Winget, rikice-rikicen lokacin aiki na MSVC, da masifu na PATH waɗanda zasu iya lalata babban injiniya na rana.

Alamomin sun saba da duk wanda ya yi aiki a cikin wannan sarari: kunshin yana shigarwa daidai akan na'ura ɗaya kuma yayi shiru ya kasa a kan wani, gina kayan aikin suna nuni da nau'ikan masu tarawa daban-daban dangane da aikin aikin Visual Studio da kuka shigar na ƙarshe, da ayyukan Node.js waɗanda ke gudana daidai a cikin WSL2 suna jefa kurakuran EPERM masu ɓoye akan tsarin fayil ɗin asali. Waɗannan ba shari'o'i ba ne - sune ƙwarewar da ta dace ga yawancin masu haɓaka Windows.

Wane Hanyoyi Na Musamman Aka Karye A Haƙiƙanin Saitina?

Bayan na duba yanayin muhalli na a tsanake, na gano tushen tushe guda uku da ke da alhakin kusan kashi 80 cikin ɗari na gazawar ginina da rashin daidaiton muhalli:

• Dakunan karatu masu rikice-rikice na lokacin aiki: Yawancin nau'ikan Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable sun kasance tare ba tare da takamaiman tsari na ƙuduri ba, yana haifar da gazawar neman DLL a cikin ƙirar asali.
• Lalacewar PATH: Kayan aiki daban-daban guda goma sha bakwai sun haɗa abubuwan shigar da tsarin PATH akan lokaci, tare da inuwa da yawa juna kuma suna nuni ga tsoffin kundayen shigarwa.
• Rashin keɓewar yanayin matakin-aiki: Ba kamar ayyukan aikin Unix ba inda fayilolin .env da umarnin harsashi 'yan ƙasa ne na aji na farko, Windows ba ta da wata hanyar da ta dace don ƙaddamar da masu canjin yanayi zuwa aikin ba tare da kayan aikin ɓangare na uku ba.
• Rikicin kawo karshen layin Git: Haɗin gwiwar CRLF/LF tsakanin kayan aikin Windows na asali da ɗakunan karatu na dandamali ya haifar da gazawar cak kan fayilolin kulle-kulle, karya shigarwar da za a iya maimaitawa.
• Ingantattun buƙatun izini don alamar haɗin gwiwa: Yawancin manajojin fakiti sun dogara da hanyoyin haɗin yanar gizo na alama, waɗanda akan Windows suna buƙatar Yanayin Haɓakawa ko gata na gudanarwa - saitin mafi yawan injinan kasuwanci suna kashe ta hanyar tsari.

"Matsalar ba ta taɓa cewa Windows ba ta iya yin ci gaban ƙasa ba - shi ne cewa babu wanda ya haɗa daidaitattun kayan aikin tare da tsari da gangan. Da zarar kun ɗauki yanayin dev ɗinku azaman samfurin da ke buƙatar yanke shawara na gine-gine, komai ya canza."

Ta Yaya A Haƙiƙa Na Gyara Tsarin Ayyukan Ci gaban Ƙasar Windows?

Gyaran ba kayan aiki ɗaya bane ko rubutun sihiri. Sake gina gine-ginen da gangan ne na yadda ake harhada muhalli, da fa'ida, da kuma kiyaye shi. Tushen yana farawa tare da kunna Yanayin Haɓakawa a matakin OS don buɗe ƙirƙirar alamar alama ba tare da haɓakawa ba. Daga can, Scoop yana maye gurbin haɗin ad-hoc na masu sakawa saboda yana aiki gaba ɗaya a cikin sararin mai amfani, yana bayyanuwa a cikin sarrafa sigar, kuma yana sarrafa sarrafa shim cikin tsafta.

Don ayyukan Node.js musamman, canzawa zuwa Volta don sarrafa sigar ya kawar da kurakuran EPERM waɗanda suka addabi npm a duniya. Volta yana katse kiran binary a layin shim kuma yana warware madaidaicin sigar lokaci ta kowane aiki ba tare da taɓa tsarin PATH ba. Haɗe da maɓalli na .volta a cikin package.json, daidaiton yanayi a tsakanin injina ya zama atomatik maimakon buri.

Yankin na ƙarshe yana ɗaukar matakin matakin aikin .env horo wanda aka tilasta shi ta direnv wanda aka aika zuwa Windows ta hanyar Scoop - yana tabbatar da kowane aikin yana ɗaukar mahallin mahallin sa wanda ke kunna kan shigarwar directory kuma yana sharewa yayin fita. Gurbacewar PATH ta ragu daga shigarwa goma sha bakwai zuwa hudu cikin mako guda.

Menene Nazarin Kwatancen Kwatancen Ya Bayyana Game da Hanyoyi na Yan Ƙasa da WSL2?

WSL2 yana da kyau kwarai da gaske don ayyukan ci gaba waɗanda ke yin niyya ga mahallin tura Linux. Idan uwar garken samar da ku yana gudanar da Ubuntu kuma ƙungiyar ku ta gamsu da kayan aikin Linux, WSL2 yana kawar da gogayya. Duk da haka, yana gabatar da nasa nau'in matsalolin: aikin tsarin fayil a cikin iyakar Windows-Linux yana da hankali a hankali don ayyukan I/O-nauyi, kuskuren iyaka yana buƙatar ƙarin saiti, kuma aikace-aikacen Windows GUI na asali sun kasance a waje da iyakar WSL2 gaba ɗaya.

Don ƙungiyoyin da ke gina aikace-aikacen asali na Windows, software na tushen Electron, ko duk wani kayan aiki wanda dole ne ya haɗa shi tare da Windows APIs, ci gaban ƙasa ba zaɓi ba ne - kuma ƙayyadaddun aikin aiki da aka bayyana anan ya fi WSL2 ga waɗanda aka yi amfani da su akan kowane ma'auni na gudu. Gina lokutan aikin Electron mai matsakaicin girman ya ragu da kashi 34% lokacin da aka motsa shi daga WSL2 tare da tsarin fayil I/O zuwa cikakken saitin asali tare da abin dogaro da ya dace.

Ta Yaya Zaku Iya Sarrafa Samar da Ayyukan Haɓakawa da Ayyukan Kasuwanci Tare?

Samar da yanayin ci gaban ku daidai rabin ma'auni ne kawai. Gudanar da kasuwancin software ko shagon haɓaka yana buƙatar daidaita tsarin gudanarwar abokin ciniki, bututun aiki, ayyukan ƙungiyar, daftari, da tallace-tallace - kuma yawancin masu haɓakawa suna haɗa wannan tare daga kayan aikin SaaS guda biyar ko shida waɗanda ba su taɓa yin magana da juna ba.

Wannan shine ainihin abin da aka gina Mewayz don warwarewa. Tare da 207 hadedde kayayyaki da ke rufe komai daga CRM da gudanar da ayyukan zuwa tsarin tsara abun ciki da kasuwancin e-commerce, Mewayz yana aiki azaman cikakken tsarin aiki na kasuwanci maimakon wani keɓaɓɓen bayani. Sama da masu amfani da 138,000 a halin yanzu suna gudanar da ayyukansu akan dandamali akan tsare-tsaren farawa daga $19 kowane wata - kaso daga cikin abin da yawancin ƙungiyoyi ke kashewa tare da Notion, HubSpot, Trello, da FreshBooks daban.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi

Shin yana da daraja gyara ci gaban asalin Windows ko zan yi amfani da WSL2 don komai?

Ya dogara kacokan akan dandamalin da kuke so. WSL2 shine zaɓin da ya dace lokacin da kuke turawa zuwa Linux kuma kuna son rage raɗaɗin mahalli. Ci gaban Windows na asali shine zaɓin da ya dace lokacin da kuke gina aikace-aikacen Windows, kuna aiki tare da takamaiman APIs na Windows, ko buƙatar iyakar aikin tsarin fayil don gina kayan aiki. Hanyoyi biyun ba su keɓanta juna ba - ƙungiyoyi da yawa suna amfani da kayan aikin Windows na asali don gina bututun su da WSL2 kawai don takamaiman gwajin Linux.

Mene ne babban canji guda ɗaya wanda ya inganta yanayin Windows dev na?

Haɓaka Yanayin Haɓakawa da ƙaura zuwa Scoop azaman babban manajan fakiti na farko yana da mafi girman tasiri nan take. Samfurin shigar da mai amfani da Scoop ya kawar da batutuwan haɓaka izini waɗanda suka haifar da kusan kashi 40% na gazawar muhalli na, kuma tsarinsa mai fa'ida ya sanya yanayin kwafi a cikin injina a karon farko.

Ta yaya Mewayz ke taimakawa ƙungiyoyin haɓakawa da kasuwancin software musamman?

Mewayz yana ƙarfafa aikin aikin da ƙungiyoyin ci gaba ke yin watsi da su har sai ya zama mai zafi. Haɗin kai na abokin ciniki, ƙayyadaddun ayyuka, samar da shawarwari, daftari, sadarwar ƙungiya, da sarrafa kansa na tallace-tallace duk ana sarrafa su a cikin dandamali ɗaya. Ga ƙananan hukumomi da masu haɓaka masu zaman kansu musamman, kawar da nauyin sarrafa yawan biyan kuɗi na SaaS da kuma canja wurin bayanai tsakanin kayan aiki yana ba da lokaci mai mahimmanci don mayar da hankali kan ainihin aikin ci gaba.

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Ci gaban asali na Windows bai karye ba - ba a taɓa ba shi saitin gangan da ya cancanta ba. Tare da ingantaccen tsarin gine-ginen kayan aiki, yanayi ne na gaske don samarwa software. Kuma da zarar yanayin ci gaban ku ya tabbata, matsala ta gaba koyaushe tana aiki. Fara gwajin ku na Mewayz yaukuma ku kawo tsari iri ɗaya na niyya zuwa rukunin kasuwancin ku wanda yanzu kuka kawo ga mahallin dev ku.