Míetsɔ C++ si me ka ɖeka le la do ƒome kple Rust si me ka geɖe le

Menye ɖeko wòanya wɔ be woatsɔ C++ kɔpi si me ka ɖeka le kple Rust si me ka geɖe le la anya wɔ ko o — enye mɔ nyuitɔwo dometɔ ɖeka si dzi woato awɔ domenyinu ƒe ɖoɖowo wòazu egbegbe tɔ evɔ womagbugbɔ aŋlɔ wo bliboe o. Le Mewayz la, míekpɔ kuxi sia tututu gbɔ esime míele míaƒe 207-module business OS dzim ɖe edzi be wòasubɔ 138,000 zãla, eye emetsonuwo trɔ alesi míebua ɖoɖowo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ aduadu ŋu vevie.

Nukatae Nàwɔ Ðeka-ka-C++ Kple Ka Geɖe Rust?

Nuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo akpa gãtɔ tsɔa ƒe geɖe ƒe C++ kɔpi si wodo kpɔ le aʋawɔwɔ me. Nusianu gbugbɔŋlɔ ɖe Rust me ɖi nusi doa dzidzɔ na ame le pepa dzi, gake ehea afɔku gã aɖe kple mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi ɣleti geɖe vɛ. Mɔnu si wɔa dɔe nye dzidziɖedzi ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ — C++ ƒe susuŋudɔwɔwɔ si li la xatsa esime wole dɔ sesẽ siwo le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me la ɖem ɖe Rust ƒe aƒetɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu me.

Le mía gome la, core business logic modules nɔ dɔ wɔm kakaɖedzitɔe le single-threaded C++ me ƒe geɖe. Wokpɔa dɔwɔwɔ ɖe wo nɔewo yome, nuŋlɔɖiwo wɔwɔ, kple gazazã ŋuti akɔntabubuwo gbɔ. Gake esi míaƒe zãlawo ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖe edzi wu 100K la, míehiã nyatakakawo ŋuti dɔwɔwɔ si sɔ kple wo nɔewo, API zazã le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me, kple nɔnɔme si woama ƒe dzikpɔkpɔ dedie. Rust ƒe Send kple Sync nɔnɔmewo na mí nuƒoƒoƒu-ɣeyiɣi ƒe ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me kakaɖedzi siwo C++ mateŋu ana kple asi ƒe agbalẽdzikpɔkpɔ geɖe manɔmee o.

Nu vevitɔ si ʋãa ame enye afɔku dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ. Èdzraa nusi wɔa dɔ ɖo, eye nètsɔa nusiwo dzidzenuwo kpena ɖe eŋu — màtsa tsatsa le wò codebase bliboa ŋu le ʋuʋu si ɖewohĩ awu enu gbeɖe o.

Aleke FFI ƒe Liƒoa Wɔa Dɔ ŋutɔŋutɔe?

Dukɔwo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Dɔwɔƒe (FFI) si le C++ kple Rust dome la wɔa dɔ to dɔwɔwɔ ƒe asidede agbalẽ te siwo sɔ kple C dzi. Rust ƒe extern "C" mɔxenuwo ɖea dɔwɔwɔ siwo C++ ateŋu ayɔ tẽ, kple eƒe akpa bubu. Kuxi vevi la dona ne Rust ƒe ka geɖe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hiã be wòayɔ ka ɖeka ƒe C++ kɔda dedie.

Míekpɔ esia gbɔ to xɔtuɖaŋu tɔxɛ aɖe zazã me:

ƒe nyawo
• Thread-confined C++ executor: Wotsɔa C++ yɔyɔwo katã to thread ɖeka si woɖo ɖi dzi to gbedasi-toɖoɖo mɔnu zazã me, si kpɔa egbɔ be womeda le ka ɖeka ƒe invariant dzi gbeɖe o.
• Rust async bridge layer: Tokio dɔwo tsɔa dɔwɔwɔ ɖoa C++ executor eye await ƒe emetsonuwo to oneshot mɔnuwo dzi, si wɔnɛ be Rust ƒe akpaa nɔa asynchronous bliboe.
• Opaque pointer management: Woxatsa C++ nuwo ɖe Rust structs me siwo wɔa Drop hena deterministic cleanup, si xea mɔ na ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe sisi le gbegbɔgblɔ ƒe liƒo dzi.
• Serialization le liƒoa dzi: Woɖoa nyatakaka ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽwo ɖe ɖoɖo nu ɖe FlatBuffers le FFI layer, si ƒoa asa na fragile struct layout matching eye wònaa akpa ɖesiaɖe ƒe nɔnɔmetɔtrɔ le eɖokui si te ŋu dzɔna.
• Vɔvɔ̃ ƒe vovototodedeameme: Rust ƒe catch_unwind xatsa FFI ƒe gegeɖeƒe ɖesiaɖe ale be vɔvɔ̃ natso gbegbɔgblɔ ƒe liƒo gbeɖe o, si anye nuwɔna si gɔme womeɖe o.

Kpɔɖeŋu sia na míekpɔ Rust si me ka geɖe le ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple kakaɖedzi si le C++ susuŋudɔwɔwɔ si ŋu kpeɖodzi le ŋu — evɔ míegbugbɔ ŋlɔ asitsatsa ƒe se gbãtɔwo ƒe fli ɖeka pɛ hã o.

Nukae Nye Mɔ̃ Gãtɔ Siwo Wòle Be Woaƒo Asa na?

Vodada si me afɔku le wu enye be woatsɔe be C++ code nye thread-safe evɔ menye nenemae o. Xexeame katã ƒe nɔnɔme, tɔtrɔ siwo meʋãna o, kple agbalẽdzraɖoƒe ƒe yɔyɔ siwo megagena o ahe nyatakakawo ƒe duɖimekeke siwo Rust ƒe nuƒoƒoƒula mateŋu ade dzesii le FFI ƒe liƒoa dzi o vɛ. Rust ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe kakaɖedziwo tɔ ɖe unsafe ƒe mɔxenu dzi — nusianu si le eme la nye wò agbanɔamedzi.

ƒe nyawo

Nu veviwo: Rust naa kakaɖedzi ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe dedienɔnɔ le eya ŋutɔ ƒe kɔda me, gake zi alesi nètso FFI ƒe liƒo aɖe yi C++ me la, ènyia ka-dedienɔnɔ ƒe kuxi ɖesiaɖe si le C++ me la dome. Xɔtuɖaŋu si ƒo xlã liƒo ma le vevie wu kɔda si le eƒe akpa eveawo.

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Mɔ̃ bubu si bɔ enye agbemedɔdzikpɔkpɔ. C++ nuwo mekpɔa gome le Rust ƒe fenyinyi ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ me o. Ne Rust tsɔ nufiame aɖe da ɖi esime C++ gakpɔtɔ lé nufiamɔ̃ ɖe asi la, àkpɔ vodada siwo wozãna le wo zazã megbe-maɖemaɖe siwo didi sesẽ ŋutasesẽtɔe. Míekpɔ esia gbɔ to nutɔnyenye ƒe gɔmesese sesẽwo dzi wɔwɔ me: C++ nuwo nyea Rust wrapper ɖeka pɛpɛpɛ tɔ ɣesiaɣi, eye mɔɖeɖe si woama la toa Arc-based reference counting me le Rust ƒe akpa dzi.

Le dɔwɔwɔ gome la, FFI yɔyɔ siwo gbɔ eme wɔa gazazã tso nya siwo ƒo xlãe ƒe tɔtrɔ kple ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu me. Míeɖoa dɔwɔwɔwo ɖe hatsotsowo me le afisiafi si wòanya wɔ le, míeɖoa dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nuwo ƒe fli ɖe C++ dɔdzikpɔla tsɔ wu be míawɔ gbegbɔgblɔ vovovowo yɔyɔ ɖekaɖeka.

Aleke Mɔnu Sia Wɔ Dɔ Le Ewɔwɔ Me?

Esi míetsɔ hybrid architecture la de míaƒe platform bliboa dzi vɔ la, míedzidze ŋgɔyiyi ŋutɔŋutɔwo. Biabia ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖe edzi 3.4x na modules siwo do ŋgɔ na bottlenecked le C++ dɔwɔwɔ ɖe wo nɔewo yome. Tail latency (p99) ɖiɖi 61% elabena Rust ƒe async runtime ateŋu awɔ dɔ tso biabia siwo le wo ɖokui si ŋu le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me esime C++ kpɔa dɔ siwo me akɔntabubu sesẽ le le eƒe ka si woɖo ɖi la dzi.

Vevietɔ wu la, míekpɔ vodada siwo ku ɖe ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me ŋu le ɣleti ade gbãtɔ siwo me míewɔe me o. Thread-confinement ƒe ɖoɖoa na be le wɔwɔme me la, manya wɔ be woayɔ C++ code tso thread geɖewo me o, esime Rust ƒe type system xe mɔ na data duɖimekeke le eƒe axadzi le liƒoa dzi. Esia nye ŋgɔyiyi ɖedzesi aɖe le míaƒe mɔnu si míezã tsã si nye be míadze agbagba atsɔ kaƒoƒo akpe ɖe C++ ŋu kple mutexes, si na ameƒomevinyenye ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe nudzɔdzɔ etɔ̃ le ɣeyiɣi enelia me.

Mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa hã ka nya ta be iteration cycles kabakaba wu. Woateŋu atu nɔnɔme yeyewo ɖe Rust me kple ɣeyiɣi ɖeka ƒe kpekpeɖeŋu blibo, esime C++ modules siwo li fifia yi edzi nɔ dɔ wɔm tɔtrɔ aɖeke manɔmee. Dzidziɖedzi ƒe aɖaŋu sia fia be míekpɔ "big bang" ʋuʋu si me afɔku gã le kpɔ o — ŋgɔyiyi si li ke, si woate ŋu adzidze ko.

Nyabiase Siwo Wobiana Enuenu

Ðe Rust ateŋu ayɔ C++ agbalẽdzraɖoƒe siwo me ka ɖeka le tɔtrɔ manɔmeea?

Ẽ, gake ele be nàkpɔ egbɔ be yɔyɔwo katã yi agbalẽdzraɖoƒe ma dzɔ tso ka ɖeka me. Kpɔɖeŋu si woɖo ɖi enye be woawɔ dɔdzikpɔla ƒe ka si woɖo ɖi si awɔ C++ yɔyɔwo katã ɖe ɖoɖo nu to mɔnu aɖe dzi. Rust ƒe async dɔwo ɖoa biabiawo ɖa eye wolalaa ŋuɖoɖowo evɔ womexea mɔ na ka geɖe ƒe dɔwɔwɔ o. C++ ƒe kɔda ŋutɔ mehiã tɔtrɔ aɖeke o — wowɔa dedienɔnɔ ƒe mɔxenua dzi bliboe le Rust ƒe akpa dzi.

Ðe FFI ƒe gazazãwo ɖe dzesi ale gbegbe be wòakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzia?

FFI yɔyɔ ɖekaɖekawo ƒe gazazã suetɔ kekeake — zi geɖe la, mede nanoseconds 10 o na dɔwɔwɔ yɔyɔ bɔbɔe. Gake nyatakaka ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe wo nɔewo yome kple ka ƒe wɔwɔ ɖekae le liƒoa dzi ƒoa ƒu ne èƒo ka akpe geɖe siwo me kɔ nyuie. Dɔwɔwɔwo ƒe hatsotsowo me toto kple zero-copy serialization formats zazã abe FlatBuffers alo Cap'n Proto ene nana be ga si woatsɔ awɔ dɔe la meɖi naneke le dzidzenu gɔ̃ hã me o.

Ðe wòle be míagbugbɔ aŋlɔ míaƒe C++ codebase le Rust me tsɔ wu be míawɔ interfacing?

Le ƒuƒoƒo akpa gãtɔ gome la, dzidziɖedzi ƒe kadodoe nye mɔ si le dedie wu eye wòwɔa dɔ kabakaba wu. Gbugbɔgaŋlɔ bliboe hea mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe afɔku si anɔ anyi ɣleti geɖe vɛ si me asixɔxɔ aɖeke mele eŋu na ezãla o vaseɖe esime wowu enu. Interfacing na be nàte ŋu aɖo ŋgɔyiyiwo ɖe amewo enumake, aɖo kpe Rust mɔnu dzi le ewɔwɔ me, eye nàʋu modules ɖekaɖeka le afisi concurrency naa ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi geɖe wu le. Gbugbɔ ŋlɔ modules siwo me ga si woatsɔ alé FFI ƒe liƒoa me ɖe asi wu ga si woatsɔ agbugbɔ aŋlɔe la ko.

Le Mewayz la, míetua xɔtuɖoɖo siwo dzina ɖe edzi — le mɔ̃ɖaŋununya kple dɔwɔwɔ siaa me. Míaƒe 207-module business OS kpena ɖe ƒuƒoƒo 138,000 ŋu wowɔa dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo me nunya le wu siwo dzea egɔme tso $19/ɣleti dzi. Eɖanye dɔwo dzi kpɔm nèle, dɔwɔwɔwo le wo ɖokui si, alo nèle wò dɔwɔƒea dzim ɖe edzi o, Mewayz trɔna ɖe alesi nèwɔa dɔe ŋu. Dze wò dodokpɔ femaxee gɔme le app.mewayz.com eye nàkpɔ nusi egbegbe asitsa OS ateŋu awɔ na wò ƒuƒoƒoa.