Lisp-style C++ template meta ɖoɖowɔɖi

Nuƒoƒoƒula ƒe Akunyawɔwɔ Ƒomevi Vovovo: Lisp-Atsyã C++ Template Metaprogramming

Le kɔmpiuta dɔwɔɖoɖowo wɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme gã la me la, C++ xɔ ŋkɔ le eƒe ŋusẽ xoxo kple dɔwɔwɔ ta. Ke hã, kpɔɖeŋu aɖe si se le eɖokui me be enye amedzro kloe la ɣla ɖe eƒe nuƒoƒoƒu ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽa me: template metaprogramming (TMP). Ne wotsɔe yi eƒe nusi gbɔ eme si me susu le la, C++ TMP dzea egɔme nɔa abe ɖoɖowɔgbalẽ si wɔa dɔ ene le eɖokui si, si wɔa dɔ bliboe le nuƒoƒoƒuɣi. Nusiwo sɔ kple Lisp, si nye dɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe gbegbɔgblɔ xoxotɔwo kple esiwo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe amewo dzi wu dometɔ ɖeka, wɔ nuku eye wòde to ŋutɔ. Mɔnu sia na be dɔwɔlawo te ŋu ɖea akɔntabubu kple susuŋudɔwɔwɔ sesẽwo ɖa tso dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi yia nuƒoƒoƒu ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa kɔpi siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie ŋutɔ eye wole dedie le ƒomevi me. Lisp ƒe atsyã ƒe mɔnu sia gɔmesese nye nu vevi aɖe si ana woaʋu abstraction ƒe ɖoɖo yeye aɖe, gɔmeɖose si ŋu míedea asixɔxɔe vevie le Mewayz ne míele asitsaɖoɖo sesẽ, siwo ƒe nɔnɔme le vovovo la tum.

Dɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe Gbe si Wozãna le Vodada me le C++ me

Wowɔ C++ ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo gbã na ƒomevi ɖɔliɖɔli bɔbɔe, abe `List` alo `List` wɔwɔ ene. Gake C++ ƒe dzidzenua, le eƒe nyawo katã yometiti me la, ewɔ Turing ƒe gbegbɔgblɔ sue si de blibo le vo me. Esia fia be le nukpɔsusu nu la, akɔntabubu ɖesiaɖe si woateŋu awɔ to ɖoɖowɔɖi aɖe dzi la, C++ nuƒoƒoƒula hã ateŋu awɔe le template instantiation dɔwɔwɔ me. Ŋutete sia si ŋu woke ɖo na wodzi template metaprogramming. Wokpɔe be ne ame zã template specialization, recursion, kple template parameters la, ate ŋu aŋlɔ ɖoɖowɔɖi siwo nuƒoƒoƒula la wɔna esime wòle wò dɔwɔɖoɖoa tum. Nuƒoƒoƒu-ɣeyiɣi "gbegbɔgblɔ" sia mekpɔa tɔtrɔ aɖeke le gɔmesese si wozãna tsã nu o; eƒe nɔnɔme le template parameters ŋutɔ me, eye eƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe ɖoɖowo nɔ te ɖe recursion kple conditional compilation dzi.

Susu si le dɔ wɔm, si le abe Lisp ene la xɔxɔ

Be woaŋlɔ template metaprograms nyuie la, ele be ame naxɔ ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe susu si wɔa dɔ, abe Lisp programmer ene. Nɔnɔme alo loop siwo trɔna le gɔmesese si wozãna tsã nu meli o. Ke boŋ wokpɔa nusianu to recursion kple asitɔtrɔ le types kple compile-time constants ŋu me. Bu kpɔɖeŋu bɔbɔe aɖe ŋu kpɔ: akɔntabubu le factorial ŋu. Le Lisp me la, àte ŋu azã dɔwɔwɔ si gbugbɔna. Le C++ TMP me la, mɔnu la ɖi wo nɔewo ɖedzesi aɖe, gake ewɔa dɔ kple ƒomeviwo kple asixɔxɔwo.

ƒe nyawo
• Nyatakaka siwo womate ŋu atrɔ o: Abe alesi wòle le Lisp me ene la, nyatakaka siwo le TMP me hã metrɔna o. Ne wonya ɖo template parameter ko la, womate ŋu atrɔe o; àteŋu awɔ "kpɔɖeŋu" yeyewo kple nɔnɔmetata vovovowo ko.
• Gbugbɔgadzɔ abe Gbugbɔgawɔ ene: Esi wònye be `for` alo `while` ƒe ʋuƒo aɖeke meli o ta la, gbugbɔgawɔe nye mɔnu vevitɔ si dzi woato agbugbɔ dɔwɔwɔwo awɔ. Template yɔa eɖokui kple parameters yeye vaseɖe esime woaɖo base case (to template specialization dzi) gbɔ.
• Tɔtrɔ le Ƒomeviwo Ŋu, Menye Asixɔxɔwo Ko O: TMP ƒe akpa si ŋu ŋusẽ le wue nye eƒe ŋutete be wòabu akɔnta kple ƒomeviwo. Àteŋu awɔ ƒomeviwo ƒe xexlẽdzesiwo, alé ŋku ɖe ƒomevi ƒe nɔnɔmewo ŋu, eye nàtia ƒomeviwo ɖe nɔnɔmewo nu, si ana ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe mɔnu sesẽwo nawɔ dɔ.

Nɔnɔmetata sia zi tamebubumɔnu bubu dzi, esi tsɔa gbeƒãɖeɖe ƒe susuŋudɔwɔwɔ ɖoa nɔƒe gbãtɔ wu afɔɖeɖe siwo hiã vevie, si hea kɔpi si sesẽ wu eye wòte ŋu nɔa te ɖe vodada nu vɛ.

ƒe nyawo "Template metaprogramming nye gbegbɔgblɔ si wɔa dɔ si wotsɔ de C++ me koŋ. Enye dɔwɔnu sẽŋu aɖe, gake ebia be woabu ɖoɖowɔɖiwo ŋu le mɔ bubu nu—mɔ si me susu mele o eye wònye akɔntabubu wu zi geɖe." — C++ Dzidzenuwo Ŋuti Kɔmiti me tɔ

Dɔwɔwɔ ŋutɔŋutɔwo le Modular System me

Togbɔ be factorial kpɔɖeŋua nye agbalẽnyanya hã la, ŋusẽ ŋutɔŋutɔ si le Lisp-style TMP ŋu klẽna le dɔwɔwɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ siwo ɖea vi tso zero-runtime-overhead abstractions me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, woate ŋu azãe atsɔ awɔ nyatakakawo ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ nyuie ŋutɔ siwo ku ɖe ƒomevi aɖe koŋ ŋu, atsɔ aɖo kpe ɖoɖo sesẽwo dzi le nuƒoƒoƒuɣi, alo atsɔ awɔ aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo deŋgɔwo abe Ðoɖowɔwɔ si Wotu Ðe Ðoɖo Nu ene ŋudɔ. Le mɔ̃ si le abe Mewayz ene, si ƒe taɖodzinue nye be yeanye modular business OS ƒe nyawo me la, aɖaŋu siawo xɔ asi ŋutɔ. Wona míete ŋu tua akpa vevi siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe ŋutɔ eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie etɔxɛe. Woateŋu awɔ module ƒe API to TMP zazã me atsɔ awɔ asitsatsa ƒe sewo kple nyatakakawo ƒe ƒomedodowo dzi le ƒomevi ƒe ɖoɖo nu, alé ɖoɖo gbegblẽ siwo ateŋu adzɔ ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe hafi woatsɔ kɔmpiutadziɖoɖoa ade dɔwɔwɔ me. Dedienɔnɔ sia le nuƒoƒoƒu ɣeyiɣi me le vevie ŋutɔ na ɖoɖo siwo ŋu kakaɖedzi le, siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le, siwo dzi asitsalawo nɔa te ɖo la tutu.

Nɔnɔmetɔtrɔ kple Etsɔme kple `constexpr`

Woɖea ɖeklemi C++ TMP gbãtɔ zi geɖe le eƒe nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ ɣaɣla kple nuƒoƒoƒu ƒe ɣeyiɣi siwo nɔa blewu ta. Esi C++ dzidzenuwo ƒe kɔmitia kpɔ esia dze sii la, tso ɣemaɣi la, woto nuƒoƒoƒu-ɣeyiɣi ƒe nɔnɔme siwo sɔ na dɔwɔlawo vɛ wu, vevietɔ `constexpr` kple, nyitsɔ laa la, `consteval`. Nɔnɔme siawo ɖea mɔ be woaŋlɔ akɔntabubu geɖe siwo hiã tsã be woawɔ template tricks sesẽwo to C++ syntax nyanyɛ, si hiã vevie, si wɔa dɔ le nuƒoƒoƒu-ɣeyiɣi me la zazã me. Ke hã, Lisp-style TMP mɔnu gakpɔtɔ sɔ na akɔntabubu siwo wotu ɖe ƒomevi dzi kple nɔnɔme siwo hiã be woakpɔ ŋusẽ vevitɔ kekeake ɖe template instantiation process dzi. Fifia dɔwɔnu vovovowo le egbegbe C++ dɔwɔla si, tso TMP xoxo dzi va ɖo `constexpr` dɔwɔwɔwo dzi, si na woate ŋu atia dɔwɔnu nyuitɔ na dɔa eye woaŋlɔ metaprogram siwo le dzadzɛ wu, siwo ŋu woate ŋu alé be na wu.

Nyabiase Siwo Wobiana Enuenu

Nuƒoƒoƒula ƒe Akunyawɔwɔ Ƒomevi Vovovo: Lisp-Atsyã C++ Template Metaprogramming

Le kɔmpiuta dɔwɔɖoɖowo wɔwɔ ƒe nɔnɔme gã la me la, C++ xɔ ŋkɔ le eƒe ŋusẽ xoxo kple dɔwɔwɔ ta. Ke hã, kpɔɖeŋu aɖe si se le eɖokui me be enye amedzro kloe la ɣla ɖe eƒe nuƒoƒoƒu ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽa me: template metaprogramming (TMP). Ne wotsɔe yi eƒe nusi gbɔ eme si me susu le la, C++ TMP dzea egɔme nɔa abe ɖoɖowɔgbalẽ si wɔa dɔ ene le eɖokui si, si wɔa dɔ bliboe le nuƒoƒoƒuɣi. Nusiwo sɔ kple Lisp, si nye dɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe gbegbɔgblɔ xoxotɔwo kple esiwo kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe amewo dzi wu dometɔ ɖeka, wɔ nuku eye wòde to ŋutɔ. Mɔnu sia na be dɔwɔlawo te ŋu ɖea akɔntabubu kple susuŋudɔwɔwɔ sesẽwo ɖa tso dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi yia nuƒoƒoƒu ƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa kɔpi siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie ŋutɔ eye wole dedie le ƒomevi me. Lisp ƒe atsyã ƒe mɔnu sia gɔmesese nye nu vevi aɖe si ana woaʋu abstraction ƒe ɖoɖo yeye aɖe, gɔmeɖose si ŋu míedea asixɔxɔe vevie le Mewayz ne míele asitsaɖoɖo sesẽ, siwo ƒe nɔnɔme le vovovo la tum.

Dɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe Gbegbɔgblɔ si Le Vodada me le C++ me

Wowɔ C++ ƒe nɔnɔmetatawo gbã na ƒomevi ɖɔliɖɔli bɔbɔe, abe `List` alo `List` wɔwɔ ene. Gake C++ ƒe dzidzenua, le eƒe nyawo katã yometiti me la, ewɔ Turing ƒe gbegbɔgblɔ sue si de blibo le vo me. Esia fia be le nukpɔsusu nu la, akɔntabubu ɖesiaɖe si woateŋu awɔ to ɖoɖowɔɖi aɖe dzi la, C++ nuƒoƒoƒula hã ateŋu awɔe le template instantiation dɔwɔwɔ me. Ŋutete sia si ŋu woke ɖo na wodzi template metaprogramming. Wokpɔe be ne ame zã template specialization, recursion, kple template parameters la, ate ŋu aŋlɔ ɖoɖowɔɖi siwo nuƒoƒoƒula la wɔna esime wòle wò dɔwɔɖoɖoa tum. Nuƒoƒoƒu-ɣeyiɣi "gbegbɔgblɔ" sia mekpɔa tɔtrɔ aɖeke le gɔmesese si wozãna tsã nu o; eƒe nɔnɔme le template parameters ŋutɔ me, eye eƒe dziɖuɖu ƒe ɖoɖowo nɔ te ɖe recursion kple conditional compilation dzi.

Susu si le dɔ wɔm, si le abe Lisp ene la xɔxɔ

Be woaŋlɔ template metaprograms nyuie la, ele be ame naxɔ ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe susu si wɔa dɔ, abe Lisp programmer ene. Nɔnɔme alo loop siwo trɔna le gɔmesese si wozãna tsã nu meli o. Ke boŋ wokpɔa nusianu to recursion kple asitɔtrɔ le types kple compile-time constants ŋu me. Bu kpɔɖeŋu bɔbɔe aɖe ŋu kpɔ: akɔntabubu le factorial ŋu. Le Lisp me la, àte ŋu azã dɔwɔwɔ si gbugbɔna. Le C++ TMP me la, mɔnu la ɖi wo nɔewo ɖedzesi aɖe, gake ewɔa dɔ kple ƒomeviwo kple asixɔxɔwo.

Dɔwɔwɔ ŋutɔŋutɔwo le Modular System me

Togbɔ be factorial kpɔɖeŋua nye agbalẽnyanya hã la, ŋusẽ ŋutɔŋutɔ si le Lisp-style TMP ŋu klẽna le dɔwɔwɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ siwo ɖea vi tso zero-runtime-overhead abstractions me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, woate ŋu azãe atsɔ awɔ nyatakakawo ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wowɔ nyuie ŋutɔ siwo ku ɖe ƒomevi aɖe koŋ ŋu, atsɔ aɖo kpe ɖoɖo sesẽwo dzi le nuƒoƒoƒuɣi, alo atsɔ awɔ aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo deŋgɔwo abe Ðoɖowɔwɔ si Wotu Ðe Ðoɖo Nu ene ŋudɔ. Le mɔ̃ si le abe Mewayz ene, si ƒe taɖodzinue nye be yeanye modular business OS ƒe nyawo me la, aɖaŋu siawo xɔ asi ŋutɔ. Wona míete ŋu tua akpa vevi siwo te ŋu trɔna bɔbɔe ŋutɔ eye wowɔa dɔ nyuie etɔxɛe. Woateŋu awɔ module ƒe API to TMP zazã me atsɔ awɔ asitsatsa ƒe sewo kple nyatakakawo ƒe ƒomedodowo dzi le ƒomevi ƒe ɖoɖo nu, alé ɖoɖo gbegblẽ siwo ateŋu adzɔ ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe hafi woatsɔ kɔmpiutadziɖoɖoa ade dɔwɔwɔ me. Dedienɔnɔ sia le nuƒoƒoƒu ɣeyiɣi me le vevie ŋutɔ na ɖoɖo siwo ŋu kakaɖedzi le, siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le, siwo dzi asitsalawo nɔa te ɖo la tutu.

Nɔnɔmetɔtrɔ kple Etsɔme kple `constexpr`

Woɖea ɖeklemi C++ TMP gbãtɔ zi geɖe le eƒe nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ ɣaɣla kple nuƒoƒoƒu ƒe ɣeyiɣi siwo nɔa blewu ta. Esi C++ dzidzenuwo ƒe kɔmitia kpɔ esia dze sii la, tso ɣemaɣi la, woto nuƒoƒoƒu-ɣeyiɣi ƒe nɔnɔme siwo sɔ na dɔwɔlawo vɛ wu, vevietɔ `constexpr` kple, nyitsɔ laa la, `consteval`. Nɔnɔme siawo ɖea mɔ be woaŋlɔ akɔntabubu geɖe siwo hiã tsã be woawɔ template tricks sesẽwo to C++ syntax nyanyɛ, si hiã vevie, si wɔa dɔ le nuƒoƒoƒu-ɣeyiɣi me la zazã me. Ke hã, Lisp-style TMP mɔnu gakpɔtɔ sɔ na akɔntabubu siwo wotu ɖe ƒomevi dzi kple nɔnɔme siwo hiã be woakpɔ ŋusẽ vevitɔ kekeake ɖe template instantiation process dzi. Fifia dɔwɔnu vovovowo le egbegbe C++ dɔwɔla si, tso TMP xoxo dzi va ɖo `constexpr` dɔwɔwɔwo dzi, si na woate ŋu atia dɔwɔnu nyuitɔ na dɔa eye woaŋlɔ metaprogram siwo le dzadzɛ wu, siwo ŋu woate ŋu alé be na wu.