Coccinelle: Linux Kernel ƒe Dzɔtsoƒe-ɖe-Dzɔtsoƒe ƒe Tɔtrɔ Dɔwɔnu

Coccinelle nye dɔwɔnu sesẽ aɖe si wotsɔ trɔa dzɔtsoƒe yi dzɔtsoƒe si wowɔ gbã be wòawɔ tɔtrɔ gãwo le wo ɖokui si le Linux kernel codebase katã me. Ezãa gbegbɔgblɔ si ku ɖe domenyiŋusẽfianu tɔxɛ aɖe ŋu si woyɔna be SmPL (Semantic Patch Language) tsɔ ɖea kɔda ƒe nɔnɔmewo kple tɔtrɔwo fiana, si wɔnɛ be dɔwɔlawo te ŋu dia vodadawo eye woɖɔa wo ɖo, wowɔa API siwo womegazãna o yeyee, eye wogbugbɔa C kɔda ƒe fli miliɔn geɖe wɔa dɔ kple amekoko ƒe pɛpɛpɛ.

Nukae Nye Coccinelle eye Nukatae Linux Kernel Hiãe?

Linux kernel nye kɔmpiuta dɔwɔɖoɖo gãtɔ kekeake siwo wowɔ ɖekae le ŋutinya me la dometɔ ɖeka, si me kɔda fli miliɔn 30 kple edzivɔ siwo dɔwɔla akpe geɖe tsɔ na. Ne API ememetɔ aɖe trɔ alo ke ɖe vodada ƒe nɔnɔme si gbugbɔna ŋu la, asiwɔwɔ ɖe faɛl ɖesiaɖe si ŋu wògblẽ nu le ŋu menye nusi tea ɖeɖi ame ŋu ko o — manya wɔ kura ne wometo vodada yeyewo vɛ o. Esia tututue nye kuxi si wotu Coccinelle be wòakpɔ gbɔ.

Numekula siwo le Inria kple Copenhagen Yunivɛsiti ye to Coccinelle vɛ, eye wòɖe mɔ na kernel dzikpɔlawo be woaŋlɔ gɔmesese ƒe akpawo — se kpui siwo ɖɔa kɔda ƒe nɔnɔme si sɔ kple tɔtrɔ si woawɔ siaa. To vovo na nuŋɔŋlɔ gbadzaa didi-kple-ɖɔli alo nyagbɔgblɔ siwo wozãna edziedzi la, Coccinelle se C ƒe nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ kple gɔmesese gɔme. Ateŋu asɔ kple kɔda metsɔ le teƒe ɣi, tɔtrɔ ƒe ŋkɔ, alo xɔtuɖoɖo ƒe vovototo suewo me o, si wɔe be kakaɖedzi le eŋu wu sã na automated refactoring gãwo.

Aleke SmPL (Semantic Patch Language) wɔa dɔe?

Le Coccinelle ƒe dzime enye SmPL, si nye nuŋɔŋlɔ si le abe patch ene si na be dɔwɔlawo ɖea tɔtrɔwo fiana le mɔ si se le wo ɖokui me be yenya nu. Gɔmesese ƒe akpa aɖe ɖi vovototo ɖeka, zãa - tsɔ dea dzesi kɔda si wòle be woaɖe ɖa eye + tsɔ fiaa nusi wòle be wòaxɔ ɖe eteƒe. Ke hã, SmPL wɔa dɔ le abstract syntax tree level tsɔ wu be wòawɔ dɔ le raw text dzi.

Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ne kernel la gbe dɔwɔwɔ abe kmalloc si wotsɔ kpe ɖe memset ŋu tsɔ do alɔ kzalloc la, dɔwɔla ateŋu aŋlɔ SmPL se kpui aɖe si sɔ kple kpɔɖeŋu xoxoa ƒe kpɔɖeŋu ɖesiaɖe le codebase bliboa me eye wòaɖɔlii le eɖokui si. Sea bua tɔtrɔwo le nyaʋiʋli ƒe ɖoɖo, nufiamɔ̃ ƒomeviwo, kple nya siwo ƒo xlãe me — nane si nyagbɔgblɔ edziedzi aɖeke mate ŋu akpɔ egbɔ kakaɖedzitɔe o.

ƒe nyawo

"Menye nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe sɔsɔ koe Coccinelle dia o — esea kɔda ƒe ɖoɖo gɔme. Gɔmesese ƒe sidzedze siae nye nusi na wòte ŋu wɔa tɔtrɔwo le kɔda ƒe fli miliɔn geɖe me evɔ meto megbedede vɛ o, si nye aʋadziɖuɖu si mae tso dɔwɔnu ɖesiaɖe si wozãna tsɔ dia nu kple esi wotsɔ ɖɔa li la gbɔ."

SmPL hã doa alɔ metavariables, siwo wɔa dɔ abe wildcards siwo ateŋu asɔ kple nyagbɔgblɔ, dzesidenu, alo ƒomevi ɖesiaɖe. Esia na be woateŋu azã sewo ake ŋutɔ eye woateŋu atrɔ ɖe nɔnɔme siwo dzena le nɔnɔme siwo to vovo vie me le kɔdawo ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi bliboa me.

Nukae Nye Coccinelle Zazã Wu?

Coccinelle ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le mɔ vovovowo nu keke ta yi ŋgɔ sã wu API ƒe ʋuʋu bɔbɔe. Kernel dɔwɔlawo kple edzikpɔlawo ɖoa ŋu ɖe eŋu hena dɔ vovovo siwo ne menye nenema o la, axɔ ɣeyiɣi kple susu gbogbo aɖe ŋutɔ.

ƒe nyawo
• API ƒe tɔtrɔ: Ne dɔwɔwɔ ƒe asidede agbalẽ te trɔ alo woto agbalẽ xatsaxatsawo vɛ la, Coccinelle ateŋu awɔ yɔyɔ ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe ɖesiaɖe yeyee le eɖokui si, akpɔ egbɔ be ɖekawɔwɔ le subsystemwo katã me.
• Bug detection: SmPL sewo ateŋu ade dzesi vodada ƒe nɔnɔme siwo gbugbɔna abe null checks siwo bu, vodadawo gbɔ kpɔkpɔ si mesɔ o, zazã-le-maɖemaɖe nɔnɔmewo, kple nunɔamesiwo ƒe sisi.
• Kɔda ƒe egbegbe tɔtrɔ: Esi kɔda ƒe dzidzenuwo le tɔtrɔm la, Coccinelle kpena ɖe eŋu be woaʋu domenyinu ƒe nɔnɔmewo ayi egbegbe esiwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo gbɔ — le kpɔɖeŋu me, wotsɔa macro siwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu ɖɔlia asi-ʋuʋu loopwo.
• Collateral evolutions: Ne agbalẽdzraɖoƒe alo ʋukulawo ƒe ŋgɔdonya trɔ la, ele be kɔda siwo katã dzi woanɔ te ɖo la natrɔ ɖe nɔnɔmea ŋu. Coccinelle kpɔa "colateral evolutions" siawo gbɔ to tɔtrɔwo kaka na nuƒlela ɖesiaɖe si le anyime.
• Atsyã dzi wɔwɔ: Le dɔwɔwɔ ƒe tɔtrɔwo megbe la, Coccinelle ateŋu awɔ kɔda ƒe ɖoɖo siwo mewɔa tɔtrɔ o dzi, aɖe toɣliɖeɖe dzi akpɔtɔ le kɔdawo me toto me eye wòana nuxexlẽ bliboa nanyo ɖe edzi.

Linux kernel source tree gɔ̃ hã ɖoa scripts/coccinelle/ directory tɔxɛ aɖe si me SmPL se siwo wowɔ xoxo siwo dɔwɔlawo ateŋu awɔ atsɔ alé ŋku ɖe woƒe patches ŋu hafi aɖoe ɖa.

Ðe Woate Ŋu Azã Coccinelle Le Linux Kernel Godoa?

Togbɔ be wodzi Coccinelle tso Linux kernel ŋgɔyiyi me hã la, menye eya ɖeɖekoe wònye kura o. C codebase ɖesiaɖe — embedded systems firmware, user-space applications, operating system components — ateŋu akpɔ viɖe tso Coccinelle ƒe tɔtrɔ ŋutetewo me. Dɔwɔwɔwo abe Wine, OpenSSL, kple BSD mama vovovowo xɔe na woawo ŋutɔ ƒe beléle na dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖowo.

Dɔwɔnua hã nye gɔmeɖoanyi na sukununya me numekuku le kɔmpiuta dɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe tɔtrɔ, ɖoɖowɔɖiwo dzadzraɖo le wo ɖokui si, kple numekuku si mewɔa tɔtrɔ o me. Eƒe ŋutete be wòaɖe kɔda ƒe ɖoɖo sesẽwo afia le nɔnɔme si woate ŋu axlẽ, si nye gbeƒãɖeɖe me na wònye nufiafiadɔwɔnu nyui aɖe hena alesi kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo gãwo trɔna le ɣeyiɣi aɖe megbe gɔmesese.

Le ƒuƒoƒo siwo kpɔa domenyinu C codebases dzi gome la, Coccinelle ateŋu aɖe gazazã kple afɔku si le egbegbe tɔtrɔ ƒe agbagbadzedzewo me dzi akpɔtɔ ŋutɔ. Le esi teƒe be woade dɔ asi na mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo be woatsɔ asi adzro faɛl akpe geɖe me ahawɔ wo yeyee la, gɔmesese ƒe ɖoɖo ɖeka si wowɔ nyuie ateŋu awɔ dɔ ma ke le miniti ʋɛ aɖewo me kple nyateƒetoto si lolo wu sã.

Nyabiase Siwo Wobiana Enuenu

Ðe Coccinelle ɖea vi na C ɖoɖowɔɖiwo ko?

Wowɔ Coccinelle na C koŋ eye wòwɔa dɔ nyuie wu kple C codebases. Dodokpɔ ƒe kekeɖenudɔwo kple numekukudɔwo li siwo ku ɖe kpekpeɖeŋu nana gbe bubuwo ŋu, gake dɔwɔnu si le klalo na ewɔwɔ la léa fɔ ɖe C. Le ƒuƒoƒo siwo le dɔ wɔm kple C-dziɖoɖowo gome — tso mɔ̃ siwo wotsɔ de eme dzi va ɖo dɔwɔɖoɖowo dzi — egakpɔtɔ nye dɔwɔnu si wɔa dɔ wu le wo ɖokui si ƒe tɔtrɔ le wo ɖokui si si li.

Aleke Coccinelle sɔ kple dɔwɔnuwo abe sed, awk, alo codemod?

Nuŋɔŋlɔ-dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔwɔnu xoxowo wɔa dɔ le ka dzi evɔ womesea kɔda ƒe ɖoɖo gɔme o. Womate ŋu ade vovototo ŋkɔ si trɔna kple nyaŋuɖoɖo si me nuŋɔŋlɔ ɖeka le dome o, eye womate ŋu abu nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ ƒe tɔtrɔ siwo le alesi woɖea susu ɖeka ma ke fianae me hã o. Coccinelle ɖea C code ŋutɔŋutɔ me eye wòwɔa dɔ le eƒe abstract syntax tree dzi, si fia be etsɔa alakpa nyui ʋɛ aɖewo ko vɛ eye mewɔa syntactically gbad output tso se si woŋlɔ nyuie me gbeɖe o.

Ðe gɔmedzelawo ate ŋu asrɔ̃ Coccinelle zazã nyuiea?

Ẽ, togbɔ be nusɔsrɔ̃ ƒe mɔnu aɖe li hã. Woɖoe koŋ trɔ asi le SmPL gbea ŋu be wòaɖi unified diffs, siwo dɔwɔla akpa gãtɔ nya alesi woxlẽna xoxo. Coccinelle ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo na kpɔɖeŋu gbogbo aɖewo tso tɔtrɔ bɔbɔewo dzi va ɖo nuŋɔŋlɔ sesẽ siwo me se geɖe le dzi. Ame yeye geɖewo dzea egɔme kple se siwo li xoxo le Linux kernel ƒe scripts/coccinelle/ ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo me sɔsrɔ̃ kple wo tɔtrɔ ɖe woawo ŋutɔ ƒe nuhiahiãwo nu.

Tsɔ Wò Ŋutɔ Wò Asitsatsa ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Naɖɔ Ðo

Abe alesi Coccinelle wɔa tɔtrɔ sesẽwo le eɖokui si le codebase gãwo me ene la, asitsamɔnu nyuitɔ wɔa dɔwɔwɔ sesẽwo le wò habɔbɔ bliboa me le eɖokui si. Mewayz tsɔa modules 207 siwo wotsɔ wɔ ɖekae — tso dɔa dzikpɔkpɔ kple CRM dzi va ɖo invoicing kple HR — vaa dɔwɔɖoɖo ɖeka me na wò dɔwɔƒea. Le esi teƒe be nàbla dɔwɔnu gbogbo aɖewo siwo me kadodo aɖeke mele o la, àkpɔ mɔnu ɖeka si dzi ame 138,000 kple edzivɔwo ka ɖo. Ðoɖowo dzea egɔme tso dɔlar 19/ɣleti ko dzi. Dze wò dodokpɔ femaxee gɔme le app.mewayz.com eye nàkpɔ nusi wòfia be nàwɔ wò dɔwɔƒea le autopilot dzi.