Ku ɖe ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu, ʋɔtru ƒe nyaʋiʋli, kple Data-oriented Design ŋu

Aɖaka Siwo Womekpɔna O Gɔmesese: Ŋkuɖodzi kple Ʋuʋu

Le kɔmpiuta dɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe xexeame la, dɔwɔwɔ nye ga si wozãna na zãla ƒe dzidzeme. Le asitsaha siwo ɖoa ŋu ɖe dɔwɔɖoɖo sesẽwo ŋu gome la, ŋuɖoɖo kuviawɔwɔ kple ɖoɖoa ƒe tsikpe menye nusi doa dziku na ame ko o; wonye ŋɔdzi na dɔwɔwɔ kple gakpɔkpɔ tẽ. Zi geɖe la, nusiwo gbɔ dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nya siawo tsona la medzena enumake o, eye woɣla wo ɖokui ɖe kɔmpiutadziɖoɖoa ŋutɔ ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu me goglo. Fɔɖila eve siwo bɔ wu eye wogblẽa nu le ame ŋu wue nye ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple gaxɔmenɔnɔ ƒe nyaʋiʋli. Woɖaa kuxi siawo enuenu ɖe ​​aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo xoxo siwo wotu ɖe nusiwo ŋu wowɔa nu ɖo dzi, siwo tsɔa kɔpiwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖoa ​​nɔƒe gbãtɔ na ɖoɖowɔla wu nyatakakawo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ na mɔ̃a. Be woatu ɖoɖo siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le, siwo egbegbe dɔwɔƒewo bia la, ehiã be woatrɔ kpɔɖeŋua. Afi siae Data-oriented Design (DOD) dona le abe xexemenunya vevi aɖe ene, si naa kɔmpiutadziɖoɖowo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu sɔna kple xɔtunu siwo dzi wòzɔna ɖo be wòaɖe mɔxenu siawo ɖa hafi woadze egɔme.

Ŋkuɖodzi ƒe Nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe Hehe Ɣaɣla

Le eƒe gɔmedzedze la, ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu fia teteɖeanyi si wotsɔ dea ɖoɖo aɖe ƒe ŋkuɖodzinu sue (RAM kple CPU caches) dzi. Egbegbe dɔwɔnu siwo wɔa dɔ kabakaba ŋutɔ, gake wozãa ɣeyiɣi geɖe tsɔ lala be woaxɔ nyatakakawo tso ŋkuɖodzinu veviwo me. Be woaɖe esia dzi akpɔtɔ la, CPU-wo zãa ŋkuɖodzinu sue siwo zɔna kabakaba ŋutɔ siwo woyɔna be caches. Ne nyatakaka siwo CPU hiã la le cache la me xoxo (cache hit) la, dɔwɔwɔ kabakaba. Ne menye nenema o (cache miss) la, CPU la tsia tre, henɔa lalam be woaxɔ nyatakakaawo. Ŋkuɖodzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzɔna ne nyatakaka siwo le dɔ wɔm la lolo akpa alo womeɖo wo ɖe ɖoɖo nyui nu o, si wɔnɛ be cache misses ƒe sisi ɣesiaɣi. Le nusiwo wozãna ƒe ɖoɖo si bɔ me la, zi geɖe la, wokakaa nyatakakawo ɖe nu geɖe siwo woɖo ɖekaɖeka me. Nu siawo ƒe xexlẽdzesiwo gbugbɔgawɔ fia be woati kpo ayi ŋkuɖodziƒe siwo to vovo, si nye nɔnɔme si gblẽa nu le cache ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ŋu. CPU ƒe prefetcher mateŋu akpɔ mɔ na random access siawo o, si wɔnɛ be eƒe dɔwɔwɔ nɔa anyi ɣesiaɣi eye wògblẽa nu le dɔwɔwɔ ŋu vevie.

Ne Ƒuƒoƒo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Do kpo nu: Kuxi si le Ʋuʋu ƒe Nyaʋiʋli me

Le dɔwɔwɔ siwo me ka geɖe le me, afisi wowɔa dɔ geɖe le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me la, dɔwɔlawo zãa gaƒoɖokui (alo mutexes) tsɔ xea mɔ na ka vovovowo be woagatrɔ asi le nyatakaka ɖeka ma ke ŋu le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me o, si ahe gbegblẽ vɛ. Gaƒoƒo ƒe nyaʋiʋli doa mo ɖa ne ka geɖe dze agbagba enuenu be yewoaxɔ gaƒoɖokui ɖeka. Le esi teƒe be kawo nawɔ dɔ le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me la, wova nɔa fli me lalam va ɖoa woƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi, eye wowɔa dɔ siwo woɖo be woawɔ le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me la ɖe ɖoɖo nu. Esia trɔa ɖoɖo si me nu vevi geɖe le, si wòle be wòana dɔwɔwɔ nadzi ɖe edzi, wòzua ɖoɖo si me nu veviwo mewɔa dɔ o, si ʋuwo ƒe xaxa si kɔmpiutadziɖoɖowo de wo dzi xe mɔ na. Ʋuʋu ƒe nyaʋiʋli si gbɔ eme nye xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe dzesi le afisiwo nɔnɔme si woama, si trɔna, bɔ, si nye nɔnɔme bubu si dzena enuenu le nusiwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wɔa xexeame ƒe kpɔɖeŋu abe nusiwo do ƒome kple wo nɔewo ƒe nɔnɔmetata ene ŋu. Ga si woatsɔ axɔ gaƒoɖokuiwo ahaɖe asi le wo ŋu, tsɔ kpe ɖe ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ alala ŋu, ate ŋu aƒo ɖoɖo aɖe ƒe scalability nu ƒu vaseɖe esime wòatɔ.

Aɖaŋuɖoɖo si wotu ɖe nyatakakawo dzi: Xɔtuɖaŋu na Dɔwɔwɔ

Data-oriented Design menye agbalẽdzraɖoƒe alo dɔwɔnu aɖe koŋ o, ke boŋ enye susu ƒe tɔtrɔ vevi aɖe. Le esi teƒe be mabia be "Nukae nye nusiwo le nye ɖoɖoa me?", DOD bia be "Nukae nye tɔtrɔ siwo wòle be mawɔ ɖe nye nyatakakawo dzi, eye aleke mawɔ aɖo nyatakaka mawo ɖe ɖoɖo nu be tɔtrɔ mawo nawɔ dɔ nyuie alesi mateŋui?" Mɔnu sia kpɔa ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple ʋɔtru ƒe nyaʋiʋli ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ tẽ to mɔ si dzi woato akpɔ nyatakakawo le ŋkuɖodzinu me la tsɔtsɔ ɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ me.

ƒe nyawo
• SoA wu AoS: DOD lɔ̃a Structure of Arrays (SoA) wu Array of Structures (AoS). Le esi teƒe be nànɔ `Fefewɔla` nuwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo (ɖesiaɖe si si lãmesẽ, tu, kple nɔƒe le), àkpɔ ƒuƒoƒo ɖe vovo na lãmesẽ ƒe asixɔxɔwo katã, bubu na tu xexlẽmewo katã, eye bubu na nɔƒewo katã. Esia ɖe mɔ na nɔnɔme ɖeka ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, si sɔ na cache-xɔlɔ̃wɔwɔ le dɔwɔƒewo katã me.
• Cache-Conscious Iteration: To nyatakakawo ɖoɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu le ŋkuɖodzinu me la, DOD naa mɔnukpɔkpɔ siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo siwo CPUwo kple woƒe prefetchers lɔ̃na la te ŋu wɔa dɔ, si ɖea cache ƒe vodada dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ.
• Nɔnɔme si Woma Dzi Ðeɖe Akpɔtɔ: DOD dea dzi ƒo be woawɔ ɖoɖowo ale be kawo nateŋu awɔ dɔ ɖe nyatakaka ƒe akpa siwo le wo ɖokui si dzi evɔ mahiã be woawɔ avu ɖe gaxɔwo ta o. Esia dzɔna zi geɖe to nyatakakawo mama kple mɔnuwo abe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wɔa dɔ ɖe nyatakakawo ƒe kɔpi siwo le teƒea dzi zazã me.

Taɖodzinu si le Data-oriented Design ŋu enye be wòana nyatakakawo ƒe sisi nawɔ dɔ nyuie alesi wòanya wɔ, awɔ nu ɖe CPU cache ŋu abe nunɔamesi xɔasi aɖe ene eye wòaɖo nyatakakawo ɖe ɖoɖo nu be woanye mɔ gã si le gbadzaa, si keke tsɔ wu be wòanye mɔ xaxɛ siwo le tsatsam ƒe network si me tɔtɔ.

Tutu ɖe Gɔmeɖoanyi Sesẽ dzi kple Mewayz

Dzadzraɖo ƒe xexemenunya si wotu ɖe Nyatakakawo dzi xɔxɔ tso gɔmedzedzea me nye nu vevi aɖe si ana woatu asitsadɔwɔɖoɖo siwo menye dɔwɔwɔ ko o, ke boŋ kabakaba etɔxɛe eye woate ŋu atrɔ asi le wo ŋu. Esia nye gɔmeɖose vevi aɖe si le megbe na Mewayz ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu. To míaƒe modular asitsatsa OS ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple nyatakakawo ƒe sisi kple xɔtunuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie abe nu vevitɔwo ene me la, míeɖea dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔ̃tetre xoxo siwo nye ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple ʋɔtru ƒe nyaʋiʋli dzi kpɔtɔna hafi woate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe wò dɔwɔwɔwo dzi. Mewayz ƒe modular nɔnɔme fia be wotrɔ asi le akpa ɖesiaɖe ŋu be wòakpɔ nyatakakawo gbɔ nyuie, si akpɔ egbɔ be ne wò dɔwɔƒea le dzidzim ɖe edzi eye wò nyatakakawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme le dzidzim ɖe edzi la, ɖoɖoa gakpɔtɔ le dɔ wɔm. Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu sia si wowɔna do ŋgɔe nye nusi na Mewayz te ŋu naa gɔmeɖoanyi si me kuxi aɖeke mele o eye wòsẽ ŋu na dɔ sesẽ siwo wotu ɖe nyatakakawo dzi siwo ɖea egbegbe asitsatsa gɔme, si doa ŋusẽ wò ƒuƒoƒoa be woawɔ dɔ evɔ kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo siwo womewɔ nyuie o ƒe mɔxenu makpɔmakpɔwo mahe wo dzi akpɔtɔ o.

Nyabiase Siwo Wobiana Enuenu

Aɖaka Siwo Womekpɔna O Gɔmesese: Ŋkuɖodzi Kple Ʋuʋu

Le kɔmpiuta dɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe xexeame la, dɔwɔwɔ nye ga si wozãna na zãla ƒe dzidzeme. Le asitsaha siwo ɖoa ŋu ɖe dɔwɔɖoɖo sesẽwo ŋu gome la, ŋuɖoɖo kuviawɔwɔ kple ɖoɖoa ƒe tsikpe menye nusi doa dziku na ame ko o; wonye ŋɔdzi na dɔwɔwɔ kple gakpɔkpɔ tẽ. Zi geɖe la, nusiwo gbɔ dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nya siawo tsona la medzena enumake o, eye woɣla wo ɖokui ɖe kɔmpiutadziɖoɖoa ŋutɔ ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu me goglo. Fɔɖila eve siwo bɔ wu eye wogblẽa nu le ame ŋu wue nye ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple gaxɔmenɔnɔ ƒe nyaʋiʋli. Woɖaa kuxi siawo enuenu ɖe ​​aɖaŋuwɔwɔ ƒe ɖoɖo xoxo siwo wotu ɖe nusiwo ŋu wowɔa nu ɖo dzi, siwo tsɔa kɔpiwo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖoa ​​nɔƒe gbãtɔ na ɖoɖowɔla wu nyatakakawo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ na mɔ̃a. Be woatu ɖoɖo siwo wɔa dɔ nyuie, siwo woate ŋu atrɔ asi le, siwo egbegbe dɔwɔƒewo bia la, ehiã be woatrɔ kpɔɖeŋua. Afi siae Data-oriented Design (DOD) dona le abe xexemenunya vevi aɖe ene, si naa kɔmpiutadziɖoɖowo ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu sɔna kple xɔtunu siwo dzi wòzɔna ɖo be wòaɖe mɔxenu siawo ɖa hafi woadze egɔme.

Ŋkuɖodzi ƒe Nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe Hehe Ɣaɣla

Le eƒe gɔmedzedze la, ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu fia teteɖeanyi si wotsɔ dea ɖoɖo aɖe ƒe ŋkuɖodzinu sue (RAM kple CPU caches) dzi. Egbegbe dɔwɔnu siwo wɔa dɔ kabakaba ŋutɔ, gake wozãa ɣeyiɣi geɖe tsɔ lala be woaxɔ nyatakakawo tso ŋkuɖodzinu veviwo me. Be woaɖe esia dzi akpɔtɔ la, CPU-wo zãa ŋkuɖodzinu sue siwo zɔna kabakaba ŋutɔ siwo woyɔna be caches. Ne nyatakaka siwo CPU hiã la le cache la me xoxo (cache hit) la, dɔwɔwɔ kabakaba. Ne menye nenema o (cache miss) la, CPU la tsia tre, henɔa lalam be woaxɔ nyatakakaawo. Ŋkuɖodzi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzɔna ne nyatakaka siwo le dɔ wɔm la lolo akpa alo womeɖo wo ɖe ɖoɖo nyui nu o, si wɔnɛ be cache misses ƒe sisi ɣesiaɣi. Le nusiwo wozãna ƒe ɖoɖo si bɔ me la, zi geɖe la, wokakaa nyatakakawo ɖe nu geɖe siwo woɖo ɖekaɖeka me. Nu siawo ƒe xexlẽdzesiwo gbugbɔgawɔ fia be woati kpo ayi ŋkuɖodziƒe siwo to vovo, si nye nɔnɔme si gblẽa nu le cache ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie ŋu. CPU ƒe prefetcher mateŋu akpɔ mɔ na random access siawo o, si wɔnɛ be eƒe dɔwɔwɔ nɔa anyi ɣesiaɣi eye wògblẽa nu le dɔwɔwɔ ŋu vevie.

Ne Ƒuƒoƒo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Do kpo nu: Ʋuʋu ƒe Nyaʋiʋli ƒe Kuxi

Le dɔwɔwɔ siwo me ka geɖe le me, afisi wowɔa dɔ geɖe le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me la, dɔwɔlawo zãa gaƒoɖokui (alo mutexes) tsɔ xea mɔ na ka vovovowo be woagatrɔ asi le nyatakaka ɖeka ma ke ŋu le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me o, si ahe gbegblẽ vɛ. Gaƒoƒo ƒe nyaʋiʋli doa mo ɖa ne ka geɖe dze agbagba enuenu be yewoaxɔ gaƒoɖokui ɖeka. Le esi teƒe be kawo nawɔ dɔ le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me la, wova nɔa fli me lalam va ɖoa woƒe ɣeyiɣi dzi, eye wowɔa dɔ siwo woɖo be woawɔ le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me la ɖe ɖoɖo nu. Esia trɔa ɖoɖo si me nu vevi geɖe le, si wòle be wòana dɔwɔwɔ nadzi ɖe edzi, wòzua ɖoɖo si me nu veviwo mewɔa dɔ o, si ʋuwo ƒe xaxa si kɔmpiutadziɖoɖowo de wo dzi xe mɔ na. Ʋuʋu ƒe nyaʋiʋli si gbɔ eme nye xɔtuɖaŋuwo ƒe dzesi le afisiwo nɔnɔme si woama, si trɔna, bɔ, si nye nɔnɔme bubu si dzena enuenu le nusiwo ŋu wotrɔ asi le ƒe ɖoɖo siwo wɔa xexeame ƒe kpɔɖeŋu abe nusiwo do ƒome kple wo nɔewo ƒe nɔnɔmetata ene ŋu. Ga si woatsɔ axɔ gaƒoɖokuiwo ahaɖe asi le wo ŋu, tsɔ kpe ɖe ɣeyiɣi si woatsɔ alala ŋu, ate ŋu aƒo ɖoɖo aɖe ƒe scalability nu ƒu vaseɖe esime wòatɔ.

Aɖaŋuɖoɖo si wotu ɖe nyatakakawo dzi: Xɔtuɖaŋu na Dɔwɔwɔ

Data-oriented Design menye agbalẽdzraɖoƒe alo dɔwɔnu aɖe koŋ o, ke boŋ enye susu ƒe tɔtrɔ vevi aɖe. Le esi teƒe be mabia be "Nukae nye nusiwo le nye ɖoɖoa me?", DOD bia be "Nukae nye tɔtrɔ siwo wòle be mawɔ ɖe nye nyatakakawo dzi, eye aleke mawɔ aɖo nyatakaka mawo ɖe ɖoɖo nu be tɔtrɔ mawo nawɔ dɔ nyuie alesi mateŋui?" Mɔnu sia kpɔa ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple ʋɔtru ƒe nyaʋiʋli ƒe kuxiwo gbɔ tẽ to mɔ si dzi woato akpɔ nyatakakawo le ŋkuɖodzinu me la tsɔtsɔ ɖo nɔƒe gbãtɔ me.

Tutu ɖe Gɔmeɖoanyi Sesẽ dzi kple Mewayz

Dzadzraɖo ƒe xexemenunya si wotu ɖe Nyatakakawo dzi xɔxɔ tso gɔmedzedzea me nye nu vevi aɖe si ana woatu asitsadɔwɔɖoɖo siwo menye dɔwɔwɔ ko o, ke boŋ kabakaba etɔxɛe eye woate ŋu atrɔ asi le wo ŋu. Esia nye gɔmeɖose vevi aɖe si le megbe na Mewayz ƒe xɔtuɖaŋu. To míaƒe modular asitsatsa OS ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ kple nyatakakawo ƒe sisi kple xɔtunuwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie abe nu vevitɔwo ene me la, míeɖea dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔ̃tetre xoxo siwo nye ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu kple ʋɔtru ƒe nyaʋiʋli dzi kpɔtɔna hafi woate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe wò dɔwɔwɔwo dzi. Mewayz ƒe modular nɔnɔme fia be wotrɔ asi le akpa ɖesiaɖe ŋu be wòakpɔ nyatakakawo gbɔ nyuie, si akpɔ egbɔ be ne wò dɔwɔƒea le dzidzim ɖe edzi eye wò nyatakakawo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme le dzidzim ɖe edzi la, ɖoɖoa gakpɔtɔ le dɔ wɔm. Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu sia si wowɔna do ŋgɔe nye nusi na Mewayz te ŋu naa gɔmeɖoanyi si me kuxi aɖeke mele o eye wòsẽ ŋu na dɔ sesẽ siwo wotu ɖe nyatakakawo dzi siwo ɖea egbegbe asitsatsa gɔme, si doa ŋusẽ wò ƒuƒoƒoa be woawɔ dɔ evɔ kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo siwo womewɔ nyuie o ƒe mɔxenu makpɔmakpɔwo mahe wo dzi akpɔtɔ o.