Lisp-style C++ template meta porogaramuw dilanni

Kompilɛri ka maji suguya wɛrɛ : Lisp-Style C++ Template Metaprogramming

porozɛw dilanni yɔrɔba la , C++ tɔgɔ bɔra a ka fanga kɔrɔ n' a ka baarakɛcogo la . O bɛɛ n’a ta, a dogolen a ka daɲɛgafe-ko gɛlɛn kɔnɔ, paradigme dɔ bɛ yen min bɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ ɲini ka kɛ dunan ye: template metaprogramming (TMP). Ni a Nàna n’a ka hakilinata ye, C++ TMP b’a da Minɛ ka Kɛ i n’a fɔ porogaramukan baarakɛta a yɛrɛ la, min bɛ baara Kɛ a bɛɛ lajɛlen na daɲɛgafe-waati la. Lisp ni Lisp, n’o ye porogaramukan kɔrɔlenw dɔ ye ani minnu bɛ nɔba bila mɔgɔw la, olu bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta, olu bɛ mɔgɔ kabakoya, wa u ka dun. O fɛɛrɛ in b’a to baarakɛlaw bɛ se ka jatebɔ gɛlɛnw ni hakilinaw bɔ u la ka bɔ boli waati la ka taa a bila u labɛn waati la, ka kode dɔ dilan min bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ ani min bɛ se ka suguya lakana. Nin Lisp-style fɛɛrɛ in faamuyali ye fɛnba ye walasa ka abstraction (abstraction) hakɛ kura da wuli, sariyakolo min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ Mewayz fɛ n’an bɛ jagokɛcogo barikamaw, modulariw jɔ.

porogaramukan kasaara C++ kɔnɔ

C++ jatebɔlanw tun dabɔra fɔlɔ suguya caman cili kama, i n’a fɔ `List` walima `List` dabɔli. Nka, C++ sariyasun, a ka jεnεya ɲinini na, a ye Turing-kan fitinin dafalen dɔ Dabɔ bala la. O kɔrɔ ye ko hakilinata siratigɛ la, jatebɔ fɛn o fɛn bɛ Se ka Kɛ porogaramu dɔ fɛ, o fana bɛ Se ka Kɛ C++ daɲɛgafe-sɛbɛnnikɛla fɛ jatebɔ-minɛnw misali-taama senfɛ. O seko in sɔrɔli kɛra sababu ye ka template metaprogramming bange. A Sɔrɔla ko ni mɔgɔ bɛ baara Kɛ ni jatebɔlan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw, kɔsegincogo ani jatebɔlan paramɛtɛrɛw ye, mɔgɔ bɛ Se ka porogaramuw Sɔrɔ minnu bɛ Kɛ daɲɛgafe-sɛbɛnnikɛla fɛ k’i ka baarakɛminɛnw jɔ. Nin daɲɛgafe-waati "kan" in tɛ fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya laadala kɔrɔ la; a cogoya bɛ sɔrɔ jatebɔlan paramɛtɛrɛw yɛrɛ la, wa a kɔlɔsili sigicogo sinsinnen bɛ seginkanni ni sariyataamacogo kan.

Hakilila min bɛ baara kɛ, min bɛ i n' a fɔ Lisp

Walisa ka misali metaporogaramuw sɛbɛn ka ɲɛ, mɔgɔ ka kan ka porogaramu hakilina baarakɛta ta, i n’a fɔ Lisp porogaramukɛla. Jamana min bɛ Se ka Yɛlɛma walima loopuw tɛ yen klasiki kɔrɔ la. O nɔ na, ​​fɛn bɛɛ bɛ Sɔrɔ kɔsegin ni suguyaw ni daɲɛgafe-waati-dafalenw manipule (manipulasiyɔn) fɛ. Misali nɔgɔman dɔ lajɛ: factorial jatebɔ. Lisp kɔnɔ, i bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni baarakɛcogo ye min bɛ segin-ka-bɔ. C++ TMP kɔnɔ, fɛɛrɛ in bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na cogo kabakoma na, nka a bɛ baara kɛ ni suguyaw ni nafaw ye.

• Dɔnniya minnu tɛ se ka Changé : i n' a fɔ Lisp kɔnɔ cogo min na , data minnu bɛ TMP kɔnɔ , olu tɛ se ka Changé . Ni jatebɔlan dɔ sigira sen kan dɔrɔn, a tɛ se ka Changé; aw bɛ se ka "instance" kura dɔrɔn de da ni paramɛtiriw ye minnu tɛ kelen ye.
• Seginkanni i n’a fɔ Iteration : Ikomi `for` walima `while` lupuw tɛ yen, kɔsegin ye baarakɛcogo fɔlɔ ye min bɛ kɛ ka segin-ka-bɔnye kɛ. Jatebla dɔ b’a yɛrɛ wele ni paramɛtɛrɛ kura ye fo ka se basigiko dɔ ma (jatebɔ kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen fɛ).
• Suguw sɛgɛsɛgɛli , nafa dɔrɔn tɛ : TMP fanga ka bon kosɛbɛ , o ye a seko ye ka jatebɔ kɛ ni suguyaw ye . Aw bɛ se ka suguya lisi dilan, ka suguya nafaw lajɛ, ka suguyaw sugandi ka da cogoyaw kan, ka porogaramuw dilanni fɛɛrɛ barikamaw kɛ.

Nin paradigme in bɛ miiri cogo wɛrɛ wajibiya, min bɛ deklaratif logique bila jɔyɔrɔ fɔlɔ la ka tɛmɛn imperative steps kan, o bɛ na ni kode barikama ye ani fili tɛ min na.

ye "Template metaprogramming ye baarakɛcogo kan ye min bɛ don C++ kɔnɔ. O ye baarakɛminɛn barikama ye, nka a bɛ miiri porogaramuw la cogo wɛrɛ la—cogo min ka teli ka kɛ fɛn ye min tɛ se ka fɔ ani min bɛ jate. — C++ sariyaw jɛkulu mɔgɔ dɔ

Baarakɛcogo waleyali siratigɛ la

K’a sɔrɔ misali factorial ye kalanko ye, Lisp-style TMP fanga lakika bɛ yeelen bɔ baarakɛcogo waleyali la minnu bɛ nafa sɔrɔ zero-runtime-overhead abstractions la. Misali la, a bɛ se ka kɛ ka kunnafonidilanw labɛn minnu bɛ ɲɛ kosɛbɛ, minnu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen don suguya dɔ ma, ka sigicogo gɛlɛnw sinsin u labɛn waati la, walima ka dilancogo kɔrɔlenw waleya i n’a fɔ Policy-Based Design. Plateforme dɔ kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ Mewayz, n’a laɲini ye ka kɛ modular business OS ye, o fɛɛrɛ ninnu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. U b’a to an bɛ se ka yɔrɔ kolomaw jɔ minnu bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ u nɔ na kosɛbɛ ani minnu bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ cogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na. Module dɔ ka API bɛ se ka dilan ni TMP ye walasa ka jago sariyaw ni kunnafonidilanw jɛɲɔgɔnyaw waleya suguya hakɛ la, ka labɛnbaliya minnu bɛ se ka kɛ, olu minɛ kabini waati jan sani porogaramu in ka bila sen kan. Nin jatebɔ waati lakanani in nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ walasa ka sigida dannamɔgɔw jɔ, minnu bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ, jagokɛlaw bɛ u jigi da minnu kan.

Yɛlɛma ni siniɲɛsigi ni `constexpr`

C++ TMP fɔlɔ tun bɛ kɔrɔfɔ tuma caman na a ka daɲɛgafe gundo n' a ka daɲɛgafew labɛnni waatiw la . O dɔnni fɛ, C++ sariyasunba jɛkulu ye kabini o waati, daɲɛgafe-waati-minɛn caman Dabɔ minnu bɛ Se ka Kɛ baarakɛlaw ye, minnu ka ca ni tɔw bɛɛ ye `constexpr` ani, kɔsa in na, `consteval`. O fɛnw b’a To jatebɔ caman minnu tùn bɛ jatebɔ-fɛɛrɛ gɛlɛnw de wajibiya fɔlɔ, olu ka sɛbɛn ni C++ sintasi dɔnta ye, min wajibiyalen don, n’o bɛ Kɛ daɲɛgafe-waati la. Nka, Lisp-style TMP fɛɛrɛ bɛ to ka nafa sɔrɔ jatebɔ suguyaw ni ko kɛlenw na minnu bɛ kɔlɔsili jɔnjɔnba de wajibiya jatebɔcogo misali kɛcogo kan. Bi C++ dilannikɛla bɛ ni baarakɛminɛn suguya caman ye sisan, k’a ta TMP laadalata la ka se `constexpr` baarakɛcogo ma, o b’a to u bɛ se ka baarakɛminɛn ɲuman sugandi baara in kama ani ka metaporogaramuw sɛbɛn minnu saniyalen don, minnu bɛ se ka ladon.

Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na

Kompilɛri ka maji suguya wɛrɛ : Lisp-Style C++ Template Metaprogramming

porozɛw dilanni yɔrɔba la , C++ tɔgɔ bɔra a ka fanga kɔrɔ n' a ka baarakɛcogo la . O bɛɛ n’a ta, a dogolen a ka daɲɛgafe-ko gɛlɛn kɔnɔ, paradigme dɔ bɛ yen min bɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ ɲini ka kɛ dunan ye: template metaprogramming (TMP). Ni a Nàna n’a ka hakilinata ye, C++ TMP b’a da Minɛ ka Kɛ i n’a fɔ porogaramukan baarakɛta a yɛrɛ la, min bɛ baara Kɛ a bɛɛ lajɛlen na daɲɛgafe-waati la. Lisp ni Lisp, n’o ye porogaramukan kɔrɔlenw dɔ ye ani minnu bɛ nɔba bila mɔgɔw la, olu bɛ ɲɔgɔn ta, olu bɛ mɔgɔ kabakoya, wa u ka dun. O fɛɛrɛ in b’a to baarakɛlaw bɛ se ka jatebɔ gɛlɛnw ni hakilinaw bɔ u la ka bɔ boli waati la ka taa a bila u labɛn waati la, ka kode dɔ dilan min bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ ani min bɛ se ka suguya lakana. Nin Lisp-style fɛɛrɛ in faamuyali ye fɛnba ye walasa ka abstraction (abstraction) hakɛ kura da wuli, sariyakolo min nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ Mewayz fɛ n’an bɛ jagokɛcogo barikamaw, modulariw jɔ.

porogaramukan kasaara C++ kɔnɔ

C++ jatebɔlanw tun dabɔra fɔlɔ suguya caman cili kama, i n’a fɔ `List` walima `List` dabɔli. Nka, C++ sariyasun, a ka jεnεya ɲinini na, a ye Turing-kan fitinin dafalen dɔ Dabɔ bala la. O kɔrɔ ye ko hakilinata siratigɛ la, jatebɔ fɛn o fɛn bɛ Se ka Kɛ porogaramu dɔ fɛ, o fana bɛ Se ka Kɛ C++ daɲɛgafe-sɛbɛnnikɛla fɛ jatebɔ-minɛnw misali-taama senfɛ. O seko in sɔrɔli kɛra sababu ye ka template metaprogramming bange. A Sɔrɔla ko ni mɔgɔ bɛ baara Kɛ ni jatebɔlan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw, kɔsegincogo ani jatebɔlan paramɛtɛrɛw ye, mɔgɔ bɛ Se ka porogaramuw Sɔrɔ minnu bɛ Kɛ daɲɛgafe-sɛbɛnnikɛla fɛ k’i ka baarakɛminɛnw jɔ. Nin daɲɛgafe-waati "kan" in tɛ fɛn caman sɛmɛntiya laadala kɔrɔ la; a cogoya bɛ sɔrɔ jatebɔlan paramɛtɛrɛw yɛrɛ la, wa a kɔlɔsili sigicogo sinsinnen bɛ seginkanni ni sariyataamacogo kan.

Hakilila min bɛ baara kɛ, min bɛ i n' a fɔ Lisp

Walisa ka misali metaporogaramuw sɛbɛn ka ɲɛ, mɔgɔ ka kan ka porogaramu hakilina baarakɛta ta, i n’a fɔ Lisp porogaramukɛla. Jamana min bɛ Se ka Yɛlɛma walima loopuw tɛ yen klasiki kɔrɔ la. O nɔ na, ​​fɛn bɛɛ bɛ Sɔrɔ kɔsegin ni suguyaw ni daɲɛgafe-waati-dafalenw manipule (manipulasiyɔn) fɛ. Misali nɔgɔman dɔ lajɛ: factorial jatebɔ. Lisp kɔnɔ, i bɛ se ka baara kɛ ni baarakɛcogo ye min bɛ segin-ka-bɔ. C++ TMP kɔnɔ, fɛɛrɛ in bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na cogo kabakoma na, nka a bɛ baara kɛ ni suguyaw ni nafaw ye.

Baarakɛcogo waleyali siratigɛ la

K’a sɔrɔ misali factorial ye kalanko ye, Lisp-style TMP fanga lakika bɛ yeelen bɔ baarakɛcogo waleyali la minnu bɛ nafa sɔrɔ zero-runtime-overhead abstractions la. Misali la, a bɛ se ka kɛ ka kunnafonidilanw labɛn minnu bɛ ɲɛ kosɛbɛ, minnu kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen don suguya dɔ ma, ka sigicogo gɛlɛnw sinsin u labɛn waati la, walima ka dilancogo kɔrɔlenw waleya i n’a fɔ Policy-Based Design. Plateforme dɔ kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ Mewayz, n’a laɲini ye ka kɛ modular business OS ye, o fɛɛrɛ ninnu nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. U b’a to an bɛ se ka yɔrɔ kolomaw jɔ minnu bɛ se ka wuli ka bɔ u nɔ na kosɛbɛ ani minnu bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ cogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na. Module dɔ ka API bɛ se ka dilan ni TMP ye walasa ka jago sariyaw ni kunnafonidilanw jɛɲɔgɔnyaw waleya suguya hakɛ la, ka labɛnbaliya minnu bɛ se ka kɛ, olu minɛ kabini waati jan sani porogaramu in ka bila sen kan. Nin jatebɔ waati lakanani in nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ walasa ka sigida dannamɔgɔw jɔ, minnu bɛ se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛ, jagokɛlaw bɛ u jigi da minnu kan.

Yɛlɛma ni siniɲɛsigi ni `constexpr`

C++ TMP fɔlɔ tun bɛ kɔrɔfɔ tuma caman na a ka daɲɛgafe gundo n' a ka daɲɛgafew labɛnni waatiw la . O dɔnni fɛ, C++ sariyasunba jɛkulu ye kabini o waati, daɲɛgafe-waati-minɛn caman Dabɔ minnu bɛ Se ka Kɛ baarakɛlaw ye, minnu ka ca ni tɔw bɛɛ ye `constexpr` ani, kɔsa in na, `consteval`. O fɛnw b’a To jatebɔ caman minnu tùn bɛ jatebɔ-fɛɛrɛ gɛlɛnw de wajibiya fɔlɔ, olu ka sɛbɛn ni C++ sintasi dɔnta ye, min wajibiyalen don, n’o bɛ Kɛ daɲɛgafe-waati la. Nka, Lisp-style TMP fɛɛrɛ bɛ to ka nafa sɔrɔ jatebɔ suguyaw ni ko kɛlenw na minnu bɛ kɔlɔsili jɔnjɔnba de wajibiya jatebɔcogo misali kɛcogo kan. Bi C++ dilannikɛla bɛ ni baarakɛminɛn suguya caman ye sisan, k’a ta TMP laadalata la ka se `constexpr` baarakɛcogo ma, o b’a to u bɛ se ka baarakɛminɛn ɲuman sugandi baara in kama ani ka metaporogaramuw sɛbɛn minnu saniyalen don, minnu bɛ se ka ladon.